Chambers of the Heart Flashcards
The right atrium forms which border of the heart?
the right border
What is the name of the muscular pouch in the right atrium which increases its capacity?
right auricle/right atrial appendage
What are the two parts of the interior of the right atrium?
sinus venarum, atrium proper
What muscular ridge separates the sinus venarum and the atrium proper?
crista terminalis
Which part is posterior to the crista terminalis?
sinus venarum
Which part is anterior to the crista terminalis, and includes the right auricle?
atrium proper
Describe the sinus venarum
This part receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae. It has smooth walls.
Describe the atrium proper
It has rough, muscular walls formed by pectinate muscles.
What is embryological origin of the atrium proper?
the primitive atrium
What is the embryological origin of the sinus venarum?
sinus venosus
Where does the coronary sinus (which receives blood from the coronary veins) enter the heart?
It opens into the right atrium between the inferior vena cava orifice and the right atrioventricular orifice.
What is the fossa ovalis?
An oval depression in the intratrial septal wall of the right atrium - a remnant of the foramen ovale
The posterior border of the heart is formed by which chamber?
Left atrium
The left auricle extends from the _______ aspect of the chamber, overlapping the root of the pulmonary trunk.
Superior
What are the two parts of the interior of the left atrium?
inflow portion and outflow portion
Which portion includes the left auricle?
outflow portion
Which portion is derived from the embryonic atrium
outflow portion
Which portion receives blood from the pulmonary veins
inflow portion
Which portion has a smooth internal surface?
inflow portion
Which portion is located anteriorly, and lined by pectinate muscle?
outflow portion
What two portions can the right ventricle be divided into?
inflow and outflow portion
What muscular ridge divides the two portions of the right ventricle?
supraventricular crest
The interior of the inflow part of the right ventricle is covered by a series of irregular muscular elevations, called __________
trabeculae carnae
What are the three types of trabeculae carnae?
ridges, bridges and pillars
Describe ridges
attached along their entire length on one side to form ridges along the interior surface of the ventricle.
Describe bridges
attached to the ventricle at both ends, but free in the middle.
What example of a bridge contains the right bundle branches?
moderator band
What type of muscles make up pillars?
papillary muscles
the base of the papillary muscles is attached to the ______
ventricles
the apices of the papillary muscles are attached to the
chordae tendinae/fibrous chords
chordae tendinae of the right ventricle are attached to what?
The tricuspid valve
What is the function of the papillary muscles?
They pull on the chordae tendinae to prevent prolapse of the valve leaflets during ventricular systole
What is the other name for the outflow portion of the right ventricle?
conus arteriosus
the outflow portion of the right ventricle leads to which artery?
pulmonary artery
Which portion is in the superior part of the right ventricle?
outflow portion
What is the embryonic origin of the outflow portion of the right ventricle?
bulbus cordis
Describe the outflow portion
smooth walls, no trabeculae carneae
What are the two parts of the interventricular septum?
superior membranous and inferior muscular
In the anatomical position, the _______forms the apex of the heart
left ventricle
What are the two portions of the left ventricle?
inflow and outflow portion
Describe the inflow portion
The walls of the inflow portion of the left ventricle are lined by trabeculae carneae, as described with the right ventricle. There are two papillary muscles present which attach to the cusps of the mitral valve.
What is the outflow portion also known as?
aortic vestibule