Challenging the Succession

Question 1

Who was Margaret of Burgundy related to?

Answer 1

Sister of Edward IV and Richard III

Question 2

Who did Margaret offer protection to?

Answer 2

John de la Pole, Francis Lovell and Perkin Warbeck

Question 3

How many mercenaries did she provide in 1487 for Simnel? Who were they led by?

Answer 3

2,000 - Martin Shwartz

Question 4

Where was Warbeck invited to in 1493? What was he recognised there as?

Answer 4

He was invited to the funeral of the HRE emperor Fredrick - he was recognised as the rightful king of England

Question 5

What did Henry VII enforce upon Burgundy?

Answer 5

A trade embargo

Question 6

What made the French threat even bigger?

Answer 6

The Auld Alliance between Scotland and France

Question 7

What was signed between England and Burgundy in 1496? What was it?

Answer 7

Intercursus Magnus - both sides agreed to lift the trade embargo

Question 8

In what way was the Intercursus Magnus insignificant?

Answer 8

Margaret continued to support Warbeck

Question 9

Why did Anglo-French relations deteriorate?

Answer 9

France captured Brittany which is along the entire coastline of England - Danger to the English

Question 10

How did Henry VII deal with the French threat?

Answer 10

He launched an invasion into France in October 1492 which inconvenienced Charles III enough to get him to agree to negotiate
- Led to the Treaty of Etaples

Question 11

Why was England arguably lucky when negotiating with France in the 1490’?

Answer 11

They were more interested in fighting the Italian wars for wealth and power rather than England - more open to negotiations

Question 11

What was the Treaty of Etaples of 1492?

Answer 11

• Charles agreed to not harbour Henry’s enemies
• Henry got an annual pension - France paid 50,000 crowns per annum
• Henry stopped the potential threat of a French-backed Yorkist domestic challenge

Question 12

In what way was the threat from Scotland significant?

Answer 12

Led to the Cornish rebellion of May-June 1497 which shook up his position on the throne

Question 12

Whilst the Scottish rebels did not succeed in their invasion with Warbeck in 1496, what did they do before being forced to retreat?

Answer 12

Devastated some of the surrounding countryside

Question 13

What happened to Scottish support for Warbeck during 1497?

Answer 13

James IV potentially realised the truth about Warbeck’s claims of being Richard IV or found it too costly to go to war with Henry - Support deteriorated and Warbeck departed from Scotland in June 1497

Question 14

What was agreed in Septemeber 1497?

Answer 14

James IV and Henry VII agreed to the seven year Truce of Ayton and James agreed to stop any support for Warbeck

Question 15

When was Warbeck captured?

Answer 15

August 5, 1497

Question 16

Who was a bishop appointed that reflected Cromwell’s reformer views?

Answer 16

Hugh Latimer

Question 17

When was the Break from Rome?

Answer 17

1533 and culminated in 1534

Question 18

What was included in Cromwell’s propaganda campaign in support of the supremacy?

Answer 18

• Clergy had to get licenses to preach + had to give sermons against the pope and in support of the kings marriage to Anne Boleyn
• April 1535, royal letters sent to bishops and nobility to imprison clergymen who continued to preach of the pope’s authority
• Act of Ten Articles 1536 - changed the Eucharist and made it ambiguous + reduced the Sacraments necessary for salvation from 7 to 3
• Introduced a set of injunctions which attacked traditional practices e.g pilgrimages

Question 19

What did the 1534 Treason Act make possible?

Answer 19

Made it possible to prosecute those who refused to swear an oath as traitors

Question 20

What did the conservative faction want following the AoS?

Answer 20

A return to Catholicism and saw Mary as their natural figurehead

Question 21

Who were 2 high-profile executions as a result of failure to accept the supremacy in 1535?

Answer 21

• Sir Thomas More - once Henry’s Chancellor
• John Fisher - Bishop of Rochester

Question 22

What was there a Court-based plot for in 1536-37?

Answer 22

To remove Henry VIII altogether from the throne

Question 23

By the 1530’s, how many religious houses were there?

Answer 23

900

Question 23

What were monasteries responsible for in the 15th century?

Answer 23

• the copying and preservation of old books and texts
• Employment opportunities and landlords for both unskilled workers and skilled craftsmen

Question 24

Why did Henry dissolve the monasteries?

Answer 24

He could not have wealthy institutions taking orders from potentially hostile foreign powers (pope, Spain, France)

• Monasteries represented the wealth and corruption of the church
• They were wealthy so a tempting prize for Henry

Question 25

How did the dissolution of the monasteries begin in 1535?

Answer 25

With Valor Ecclesiasticus - surveyed all Church property and revealed to Henry the wealth of the monasteries

Question 26

Between 1536-37, how much did the dissolution raise?

Answer 26

1.3 MIL

Question 27

What did the 1536 Act of Parliament do?

Answer 27

Authorised the dissolution of smaller monasteries worth less than £200 per annum

Question 28

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 28

1536

Question 29

When was the Lincolnshire rising?

Answer 29

1536

Question 30

Wha did the banner of the PoG rebels show?

Answer 30

The 5 wounds of Christ - their clear religious motivations

Question 31

How many of the Pontefract Articles were religious?

Answer 31

9 out of 24

Question 32

What were some of the economic grievances of the 1536 rebellions?

Answer 32

1534 Subsidy - tax during peacetime + rumours of more tax coming

• Entry fines - paid to the landlord when a tenant dies and an heir succeeds it
• Enclosures - forced tenant farmers off their lands

Question 33

What were some political causes of the rebellion?

Answer 33

Possibly a court-based plot to get Mary into the succession and remove Cromwell (highly debated)

• Act of Uses 1535 - attempt by Cromwell and Henry to prevent landowners from avoiding the financial demands made by the king

Question 34

Who was politically involved in the revolts of 1536?

Answer 34

Sir Thomas Percy and Lord Darcy + Lord Hussey

Question 35

What did landowners use in order to bypass the cost of the Crown inheriting their land if the successor was a minor? (THE CROWN WOULD HAVE TO RETURN IT ONCE SUCCESSOR WAS GROWN THOUGH)

Answer 35

Enfeoffment to uses - legal device which was restricted in the Act of uses 1535

Question 36

What was the trigger of the rising in Lincolnshire?

Answer 36

The presence of govt commissioners in the region overseeing the dissolution and visitations of the clergy - caused tension and rumours

Question 37

Who did the rebels in Lincolnshire blame?

Answer 37

Henry’s ‘evil councillors’

Question 38

What sparked the Lincolnshire rising?

Answer 38

The arrival of the Bishop of Lincoln’s officers at Louth to carry out a visitation of the clergy

Question 39

How many rebels were involved in the Lincolnshire rising in 1536?

Answer 39

c.10,000 men

Question 40

Who was the leader of the Lincolnshire rising?

Answer 40

Shoemaker Nicholas Melton

Question 41

How hard was it to put down the Lincolnshire Rising? Who led the takedown?

Answer 41

Not very difficult - Duke of Suffolk, Henry’s Brother in Law