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Italy 1830 - 1870 > Challenges to restored order & failed revolution - 1815 - 1848 > Flashcards

Challenges to restored order & failed revolution - 1815 - 1848 Flashcards

1
Q

What year was the Congress of Vienna?

A

1815

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2
Q

What year was there insurrection in Modena, Parma and The Papal States?

A

1831

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3
Q

What happened in Modena 1831?

A

Enrico Misley promised Francis IV leadership of Italy if he supported revolt.
Told Austrians
In his absence a provisional government was set up
SQUASHED BY AUSTRIA

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4
Q

What happened in the Papal States 1831 revolt?

A

Was against the Catholic Church
Bologna provisional government was set up - which had an elected assembly and reformed financial/legal systems.
SQUASHED BY THE AUSTRIANS

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5
Q

What happened in Parma 1831?

A

Riots against Duchess Marie-Louise demanding a constitution
She fled to Austria
Provisional government was set up
SQUASHED BY AUSTRIANS

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6
Q

What were the reasons for failure in the 31/32 revolutions?

A 
Localised 
No interstate organisation
Too reliant on secret societies 
Moderate
Middle class - political apathy of lower class
Divided aims
Austria 
No foreign friend
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7
Q

Who started young Italy in 1831?

A

Mazzini

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8
Q

What were some of Mazzini’s successes?

A

Organised propaganda

Converted Garibaldi

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9
Q

Mazzini’s failure?

A

Alienated rich due to republican stance, and poor because his ideals were too intellectual
Absent from Italy for 40 years - became out of touch
Most revolts failed

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10
Q

Who wrote ‘The hopes for Italy’ in 1844 and what did it campaign for?

A

Balbo - a federation

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11
Q

Who was elected in 1846?

A

Pope Pius IX

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12
Q

Balbo supported which movement in the late 1830s?

A

Albertisti

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13
Q

Who wrote primato in 1843 and what did it stress?

A

Gioberti- argued for neo guelphism and a federation

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14
Q

When did people shout ‘o Sommo Pio’ and why?

A

1846 because he freed political prisoners

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15
Q

What were Pius’s reforms across 1846/47?

A 
Constitution
Education 
Law 
Ended press censorship
Elected body called the consulta
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16
Q

Massimo d’Azeglio - When did he publish ‘on recent events in Romagna’ and what did it argue?e

A

1846 - needed a foreign friend, support from upper class, Charles Albert was a viable leader

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17
Q

When was Pius IX elected pope?

A

1846

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18
Q

What year was Europe wide harvest failure and what did it culminate in?

A

1846 - hunger politics

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19
Q

When is the statuto issued?

A

1847

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20
Q

What does the pope do in 1849?!

A

Excommunicate challengers

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21
Q

What does he do in 1850?

A

Renounce all previous reform

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22
Q

Who becomes PM in piedmont 1852?

A

Cavour

23
Q

What was the life expectancy in Naples in the 40s?

A

24

24
Q

How many died in Sicily from the 1836 cholera outbreak?

A

65,000

25
Q

Which 2 battles of 1848 war of independence were CA forces crushed at?

A

Custozza and Novarra

26
Q

Who made up the triumvirate of the Roman republic in 1848?

A

Armellini, Saffi and Mazzini

27
Q

What did Garibaldi promise when the French were sieging on Rome?

A

‘Hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles, and death’

28
Q

Why did the last standing revolutionary area (The Republic of Venice) surrender?

A

An outbreak of cholera that killed 35,000

29
Q

What did Metternich set up that checked correspondence between all the different states?

A

Metternich’s postal convention

30
Q

Metternich stated that “Italian affairs

A

do not exist”

31
Q

How many states under Austrian control asked for Austrian assistance during the 1831 revolts?

A

5/6

32
Q

Custozza

A

July 1848

33
Q

Novara

A

March 1849

34
Q

What % spoke ‘Italian’ rather than regional dialects?

A

2.5% (Italian is a Tuscan dialect)

35
Q

What was the impact of Roman Catholic dominance on the Italian Peninsula?

A

90% - received backward educations eg) geocentric teaching, limited new ideas - kept change and new ideas to a minimum

36
Q

What were Sicily and Naples fighting for in 1848?

A

separation rather than unification

37
Q

What was the aim of Young Italy?

A

to unite Italy in a republic and expel Austrian power

38
Q

what was the aim of the liberals?

A

constitutional monarchy

39
Q

what was the aim of the nationalists?

A

unite Italy under the principals of the Risorgimento

40
Q

What was Gioberti’s Neo - Guelphism?

A

the idea that the pope would lead a united Italy

41
Q

The Albertisti

A

led by Balbo - felt that Charles Albert could unite a prosperous Italy

42
Q

Carbonari membership was

A

60,000

43
Q

Spillo Negro wanted

A

to expel austrian dominance

44
Q

1833 Young Italy uprising in Piedmont

A

12 members executed for trying to start a revolt amongst the military

45
Q

Riformisti group

A

believed the peninsula would flourish without Austria but opposed Mazzini - creating more divides

46
Q

What was The Statuto?

A

1848 constitution introduced by Charles Albert - created a liberal atmosphere in Piedmont

47
Q

How many political refugees fled to Piedmont after the events of 1848?

A

30,000

48
Q

when did the Northern alliance declare war on Austria?

A

March 22nd 1848

49
Q

What did the 1848 revolutions achieve?

A

Sicily was joined

50
Q

How many French troops were entrenched in Rome after the 1848 revolutions?

A

20,000

51
Q

What was the long term result of French presence in Rome?

A

The Nationalist cause became seen as anti-clerical, and lost the support of the Catholics

52
Q

What was the result of the Roman Republic

A

+ emblematic of the wider unification cause

  • 20,000 french troops in Rome
  • was short lived
53
Q

When were the poor harvests that caused political apathy/ hunger among the peasant masses?

A

1820 + 1840

54
Q

Mazzini’s ideas

A 
\+ gave impetus to the cause of unity 
\+ skilful propaganda 
- alienating ideas 
- failed attempts at revolts 
- absent/ exiled for 40 years, out of touch with Italian affairs

Italy 1830 - 1870 (4 decks)

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