Challenges to restored order & failed revolution - 1815 - 1848

Question 1

What year was the Congress of Vienna?

Answer 1

1815

Question 2

What year was there insurrection in Modena, Parma and The Papal States?

Answer 2

1831

Question 3

What happened in Modena 1831?

Answer 3

Enrico Misley promised Francis IV leadership of Italy if he supported revolt.
Told Austrians
In his absence a provisional government was set up
SQUASHED BY AUSTRIA

Question 4

What happened in the Papal States 1831 revolt?

Answer 4

Was against the Catholic Church
Bologna provisional government was set up - which had an elected assembly and reformed financial/legal systems.
SQUASHED BY THE AUSTRIANS

Question 5

What happened in Parma 1831?

Answer 5

Riots against Duchess Marie-Louise demanding a constitution
She fled to Austria
Provisional government was set up
SQUASHED BY AUSTRIANS

Question 6

What were the reasons for failure in the 31/32 revolutions?

Answer 6

Localised 
No interstate organisation
Too reliant on secret societies 
Moderate
Middle class - political apathy of lower class
Divided aims
Austria 
No foreign friend

Question 7

Who started young Italy in 1831?

Answer 7

Mazzini

Question 8

What were some of Mazzini’s successes?

Answer 8

Organised propaganda

Converted Garibaldi

Question 9

Mazzini’s failure?

Answer 9

Alienated rich due to republican stance, and poor because his ideals were too intellectual
Absent from Italy for 40 years - became out of touch
Most revolts failed

Question 10

Who wrote ‘The hopes for Italy’ in 1844 and what did it campaign for?

Answer 10

Balbo - a federation

Question 11

Who was elected in 1846?

Answer 11

Pope Pius IX

Question 12

Balbo supported which movement in the late 1830s?

Answer 12

Albertisti

Question 13

Who wrote primato in 1843 and what did it stress?

Answer 13

Gioberti- argued for neo guelphism and a federation

Question 14

When did people shout ‘o Sommo Pio’ and why?

Answer 14

1846 because he freed political prisoners

Question 15

What were Pius’s reforms across 1846/47?

Answer 15

Constitution
Education 
Law 
Ended press censorship
Elected body called the consulta

Question 16

Massimo d’Azeglio - When did he publish ‘on recent events in Romagna’ and what did it argue?e

Answer 16

1846 - needed a foreign friend, support from upper class, Charles Albert was a viable leader

Question 17

When was Pius IX elected pope?

Answer 17

1846

Question 18

What year was Europe wide harvest failure and what did it culminate in?

Answer 18

1846 - hunger politics

Question 19

When is the statuto issued?

Answer 19

1847

Question 20

What does the pope do in 1849?!

Answer 20

Excommunicate challengers

Question 21

What does he do in 1850?

Answer 21

Renounce all previous reform

Question 22

Who becomes PM in piedmont 1852?

Answer 22

Cavour

Question 23

What was the life expectancy in Naples in the 40s?

Answer 23

24

Question 24

How many died in Sicily from the 1836 cholera outbreak?

Answer 24

65,000

Question 25

Which 2 battles of 1848 war of independence were CA forces crushed at?

Answer 25

Custozza and Novarra

Question 26

Who made up the triumvirate of the Roman republic in 1848?

Answer 26

Armellini, Saffi and Mazzini

Question 27

What did Garibaldi promise when the French were sieging on Rome?

Answer 27

‘Hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles, and death’

Question 28

Why did the last standing revolutionary area (The Republic of Venice) surrender?

Answer 28

An outbreak of cholera that killed 35,000

Question 29

What did Metternich set up that checked correspondence between all the different states?

Answer 29

Metternich's postal convention

Question 30

Metternich stated that "Italian affairs

Answer 30

do not exist"

Question 31

How many states under Austrian control asked for Austrian assistance during the 1831 revolts?

Answer 31

5/6

Question 32

Custozza

Answer 32

July 1848

Question 33

Novara

Answer 33

March 1849

Question 34

What % spoke 'Italian' rather than regional dialects?

Answer 34

2.5% (Italian is a Tuscan dialect)

Question 35

What was the impact of Roman Catholic dominance on the Italian Peninsula?

Answer 35

90% - received backward educations eg) geocentric teaching, limited new ideas - kept change and new ideas to a minimum

Question 36

What were Sicily and Naples fighting for in 1848?

Answer 36

separation rather than unification

Question 37

What was the aim of Young Italy?

Answer 37

to unite Italy in a republic and expel Austrian power

Question 38

what was the aim of the liberals?

Answer 38

constitutional monarchy

Question 39

what was the aim of the nationalists?

Answer 39

unite Italy under the principals of the Risorgimento

Question 40

What was Gioberti's Neo - Guelphism?

Answer 40

the idea that the pope would lead a united Italy

Question 41

The Albertisti

Answer 41

led by Balbo - felt that Charles Albert could unite a prosperous Italy

Question 42

Carbonari membership was

Answer 42

60,000

Question 43

Spillo Negro wanted

Answer 43

to expel austrian dominance

Question 44

1833 Young Italy uprising in Piedmont

Answer 44

12 members executed for trying to start a revolt amongst the military

Question 45

Riformisti group

Answer 45

believed the peninsula would flourish without Austria but opposed Mazzini - creating more divides

Question 46

What was The Statuto?

Answer 46

1848 constitution introduced by Charles Albert - created a liberal atmosphere in Piedmont

Question 47

How many political refugees fled to Piedmont after the events of 1848?

Answer 47

30,000

Question 48

when did the Northern alliance declare war on Austria?

Answer 48

March 22nd 1848

Question 49

What did the 1848 revolutions achieve?

Answer 49

Sicily was joined

Question 50

How many French troops were entrenched in Rome after the 1848 revolutions?

Answer 50

20,000

Question 51

What was the long term result of French presence in Rome?

Answer 51

The Nationalist cause became seen as anti-clerical, and lost the support of the Catholics

Question 52

What was the result of the Roman Republic

Answer 52

+ emblematic of the wider unification cause - 20,000 french troops in Rome - was short lived

Question 53

When were the poor harvests that caused political apathy/ hunger among the peasant masses?

Answer 53

1820 + 1840

Question 54

Mazzini's ideas

Answer 54

``` + gave impetus to the cause of unity + skilful propaganda - alienating ideas - failed attempts at revolts - absent/ exiled for 40 years, out of touch with Italian affairs ```