Challenges Of An Urbanising World Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
The general trend of people moving to towns and cities, compared to rural areas.
What is suburbanisation?
Increased amounts of people moving to the outskirts of a city - in the residential areas.
What is counter-urbanisation?
People moving away from the cities causing population decline in inner-city areas
How can cities cope with counter-urbanisation?
Find new technologies to keep up with other cities. E.g: Detroit has been largely abandoned due to the failing car industry
What is de-industrialisation?
When industry in a city begins to decline e.g. Detroit
What is re-urbanisation?
A place that has a resurgence in people moving there after experiencing counter-urbanisation.
What is regeneration?
The redevelopment of older, run-down inner city areas to attract people to live closer. This includes new shopping centres, flats, houses, etc.
E.g: Birmingham
How many people lived in urban areas in 1980 v. 2015?
40%
54%
What is a Primate city?
A city with importance and influence disproportionately greater than what their size would suggest. It must be at least twice as big or significant than the next largest city in its country/ region.
What is a world city?
A city that trades and invests globally.
What are the three world city ratings?
- World City
- Alpha +
- Alpha ++
Name a world city
Any from:
Mexico City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Madrid, Brussels, Frankfurt, Moscow, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Seoul
Name an alpha + city
Any from:
Paris, Milan, Beijing, Shanghai, Hongkong, Tokyo, Singapore and Sydney
Name an alpha ++ city
London or New York
Define globalisation
Increased connections between cities
Define political influence
Influencing the governments and large, powerful businesses of a country
Define economic influence
Influencing investment, migration and transport of a city
Define growth rate
The rate at which a population increases
How is growth rate changing in the mega cities of developing countries?
It is faster and on a larger scale than before
What is a mega city?
A very large metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people.
Define connectivity
How easy it is to travel/ connect with other places
Compare the importance of push and pull factors:
Push factors are more influential as they remove the element of choice instead of just encouraging a person to move.
What push factors drove migrants to London? Who were these migrants?
- Lack of job opportunities
- Lack of services
- Lack of entertainment
International migrants increased the population by 14% between 2001 and 2011
What pull factors attracted migrants to Chongqing between 2001 and 2014?
- Economic reform led to a demand for labour
- Higher incomes
- Better health, education and entertainment services