Challanges To Religious Beliefs. Flashcards
What are the two types of evil and what is the logical problem of evil.
Moral evil and natural evil.
Epicurus - Either God wants to abolish evil, and cannot ot he can but does not want too? If he wants too but cannot he is impotent. And if he can but does not he is wicked?
What is Jl mackies inconsistent triad.
God is omnipotent, god is omnibenevolant, evil exists.
2 solutions either remove a attribute of God, or we do not understand why evil exists, removing fact that evil exists. - second one critised by Hume as effect of evil are too widespread.
Mackie calls it the ‘paradox of omnipotence” where god makes things he subsequently out of his control, ot can he make rules that he has to obide to?
Only explanation against this is to put god outside of time, so no time can be assigned to his actions.
What are William Rowe and Gregory Paul’s arguments against god with evil.
William Rowe - intense human and animal suffering, a omnipotent and omniscient being would know when intense suffering was about to take place, such a being could prevent this suffering and an all loving being would probably prevent all even suffering that had no purpose and was available, such suffering does happen therefore god probably does not exist.
Gregory Paul - millions of Innocent children suffer and die every year from natural and evil causes, these children are too young to be able to make choices about God, no all loving all powerful being with commit such suffering, therefore god does not exist.
What are the four key points of an augustinian type theodicy?
- Evil as a consequence of sin - as a gift a freewheel from guard humans are ultimately responsible for sin and consequently evil as humans choose to sin.
- Evil as a privation - important to realise evil is not a substance of the created order and therefore of God. Evil indicates an absence of privation of part of God created order God made all things good and humans are ruined it.
- The fall of human beings and creation - evil came about through the original sin of Adam and Eve which is passed down genetically and inherited to all humans we suffer through the fault of our free will gift.
- The cross overcomes evil soul deciding - those who freely choose to accept Jesus as their Savior will be redeemed and reunited with God in heaven that’s why it’s referred to still deciding humanity must seek redemption through Christ god is merciful.
What are the 3 disadvantages to agustian type theodicy?
- Scientific error and biological in possibility of human descent from a single pair.
- Contradiction of perfect order becoming chaotic.
- moral contradictions of omnibenevolent God existence of hell and logical contradiction of perfect creating beings susceptible to change.
What is the Iranian type theodicy known as and what does it include? And how did John hick develop his theodicy?
Soul making
Arrhenius states that evil is a necessary facet of life that enables humans to develop. life is a place where human beings develop their potential and grew from the image to the likeness of God. for every moral decisions faced by good choice is freely made individual develops more towards spiritual maturity.
Therefore evil is a necessary contingency required to for us to develop characteristics such as empathy sadness and love etc.
John Hick developed his theodicy describing it as soul making and stay at the point that an order to be truly free human beings created an epistemic distance from God where the existence and non-existence of God are equally likely and allowed us to be free in how we respond to God.
What are the three disadvantages of Iranian type theodicies.
- The concept of universal salvation is just as people such as murderers will be saved.
- Evil and suffering should not be used as a tool by an omnibenevolent god.
- Immensity of suffering and unequal distribution of evil and suffering show the Iranian type theodicy is false.
What is a direct quote from Mackie referring to his problem of evil?
” quite apart from the problem of evil the paradox of omnipotence has shown that God’s omnipotence must be restricted in one way or another. “
What is a direct quote from Gregory Paul relating to his premature death?
” the modern Christian consensus followed by billions is so firmly overturned by humans circumstances”
What is a quote from a distance explaining how god would not permit evil.
“Himself supremely good would never permit the existence of anything evil among his works.”
What is the quote from Genesis that irenaus uses?
And what did iranious say God made man in a quote.
” then God said let us make humankind in our image according to our likeness “
” God made man a freeagent from the beginning “
