Ch9 Other/General Flashcards
Identity
-characteristics that define who you are
-values, beliefs, culture, social roles, emotions, and physical features
Temperament
-biologically-influenced tendencies to experience positive or negative feelings
-interact with objects and people in the environment
-foundation of personality
Developmental Psychology
-how people think, feel, and behave as they get older
Theory of Mind
-people have their own thoughts and feelings that may be different than yours
Prosocial Behaviour
-behaviour intended to benefit another person
-helping, sharing, praising
Dishabituation
-when the frequency or intensity of a behavioural response increases when a new stimulus is presented
-hearing your name from across a busy room
Habituation
-when the frequency or intensity of a behavioural response is reduced after a stimulus is presented repeatedly or continuously over a period of time
-getting used to a noisy place
Accommodation
-Piaget’s term for a change to an existing schema that is made to incorperate new information
Assimilation
-Piaget’s term for the inclusion of a new object or concept into an existing schema
Cognative Development
-the changes that occur in the ways that humans think as they get older
Operations
-understanding how physical objects and concepts relate and affect each other
Reversibility
-mentally imagine how to undo or reverse an action
Conservation
-understanding that the amount of a substance does not change even when it looks like it does (when liquid is poured into a container of a different shape)
Object Permanence
-physical objects still exist even when you can’t perceive them
Reflex
-response that is automatic and doesn’t require learning
Motor Skills
-intentionally physical movements of the body
Gross Motor Skills
-movements involving the whole body
-arms, legs, torso
-movement of several different muscle groups
-running, jumping, throwing, climbing, balance, posture
Fine Motor Skills
-precise movements in the hands (fingers)
-movements such as drawing, point, typing
Inductive Discipline
-a way of teaching
-encouraging desired behaviour and values to children that involves explainhow their actions affect other people
-gentle parenting
Scaffolding
-providing just enough support to help someone commplete an activity that they could not do completely on their own
Cohort Effects
–results and implications of cross-sectional studies
-how people of different generations think differently because of culture
Zone of Proximal Development
-tasks you cannot do on your own but can with guidence or support from someone else
