CH9 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH

Question 1

access to safe water

Answer 1

-is considered as access to water that, when consumed, will not be detrimental to health & is free from any contaminants
-everyone has the right to sufficient, continuous, safe & acceptable, physically assessible & affordable water for personal & domestic use
-many children in drought-affected areas spend hours everyday collecting water, missing out on the chance to go to school, reducing education & possible career opportunities

Question 2

impact of lack of access to safe water on h&w

Answer 2

-can reduce physical h&w by increasing risk of developing waterborne diseases such as cholera which can contribute to dehydration & malnutrition
-may decrease mental health of mothers due to stress & anxiety experienced when family members develop water-related illnesses
-the time taken by young children & women to collect water is time away from school & work, limiting opportunities for developing relationships with peers & participating in community or employment, reducing social h&w
-lack of infrastructure & access to safe water can decrease ability of farmers to grow crops & keep livestock alive, which may reduce sense of belonging to community in which they live, decreasing spiritual h&w

Question 3

impact of lack of access to safe water on BOD

Answer 3

-increased rates of infant mortality due to communicable diseases such as cholera through using unsafe water in infant formula
-increased spread of illnesses such as diarrhoea, cholera, malaria & hookworm, increasing rates of morbidity
-lack of clean drinking water causes dehydration & under-nutrition, increasing BOD attributed to YLD
-as a result of using unsafe water to prepare infant formula, children can develop waterborne diseases such as cholera, increasing rates of infant mortality

Question 4

sanitation

Answer 4

-sanitation refers to interventions that reduce human exposure to disease by providing a clean environment in which we live
-it involves both behaviours & facilities working together to form a hygienic environment by safely separating human waste from human contact

Question 5

impact of lack of sanitation on h&w

Answer 5

-can reduce physical h&w as it increases risk of developing diseases such as cholera, diarrhoeal disease & infections
-lack of access to sanitary environment & use of unsterile equipment may decrease mental health of mothers due to stress, anxiety & worry about developing infections following childbirth
-young children who play in unsanitary environment are likely to develop many infections, diarrhoeal disease & illnesses, taking time away from school, reducing time spent developing relationships with friends & reducing social h&w

Question 6

impact of lack of sanitation on BOD

Answer 6

-increased rates of child mortality due to communicable diseases such as cholera through playing in unsanitary environments
-women & children in low-income countries can often earn income as street cleaners or scavengers/collectors of rubbish, which involves working in an unsanitary environment icnreasing BOD attributed to YLD
-young children under 5 years have a significant chance of developing diarrhoea due to lack of sewage removal infrastructure, increasing U5MR

Question 7

poverty

Answer 7

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