Ch.9

Question 1

adaptation

Answer 1

a change made to an existing object or way of doing things.

Question 2

innovation

Answer 2

something new; an improvement

Question 3

cultural diffusion

Answer 3

the spread of cultural elements from one society to another.

Question 4

philosopher

Answer 4

a scholar, teacher, or thinker who seeks knowledge.

Question 5

immortal

Answer 5

able to live forever

Question 6

evolution

Answer 6

the slow process of change in plants and animals from simpler forms to more complex.

Question 7

Why did Islamic culture flourish, despite the fact that the Muslim empire did not last?

Answer 7

Because the Muslim rulers began to build great cities.

Question 8

What is cultural diffusion?

Answer 8

Muslims learned from other cultures and began to spread their ideas and ways of life through trade and travel. This is cultural diffusion.

Question 9

How did the location of Islamic Lands make cultural diffusion possible?

Answer 9

The location of Muslim lands connected the trade routes from Asia to Europe.

Question 10

How did trade help to spread and connect ideas from different cultures?List at least two ideas that may have traveled along the trade roues on the map

Answer 10

They produced new scientific, medical and philosophical texts based on Greek works and
They were able to make innovations in Math because they studied work of India, Chinese and Greek.

Question 11

List three important details about the city of Baghdad.

Answer 11

1. It was the capital of the Muslim land (Iraq).
2. The location was the crossroad of trade routes that connected distant parts of the empire.
3. It took 100,000 architects and workers to build the city. It had a Mosque in the center and shops markets outside. It became the world largest city.

Question 12

Describe how Mosques are designed.

Answer 12

They have 1 tower with a small balcony where the crier chants the call to prayer. In the center is a water fountain so they can wash their hands and feet. Inside is a prayer room where they sit on mats on the floor. The imam gives the sermon from the minbar and next to is a niche that shows the direction of prayer towards Mecca.

Question 13

What factors combined to promote learning in Muslim lands?

Answer 13

Acceptance of the language and Baghdad became the center of learning.

Question 14

How did Muslim philosophers follow the example of Greek scholars?

Answer 14

They used logic and reason to prove truths.

Question 15

Decscribe two contributions made by Muslim scholars in these two categories of Zoology and Astronomy.

Answer 15

Zoology:how to make medicines from animal parts and wrote books about the bodies of animals.

Astronomy:and They improved navigational tools that easily helped them find the direction of Mecca.

Question 16

What technological advancements did Muslims make to take advantage of scarce water resources?

Answer 16

They built aqueducts and dams to provide water to households. They used water wheels and improved the canals and underground wells.

Question 17

List two accomplishments of Muslims in Geography and Navigation.

Answer 17

They accurately measured the circumference of the Earth and they created accurate maps for their trade routes and countries like Europe, Asia and Africa.

Question 18

Describe the purpose of the two navigational instruments adapted and perfected by Muslims

Answer 18

The compass: they learned about it from the Chinese and it helped people to know the direction they travel (south, north, east, west)

The Astrolabe: it computes time based on the location of the sun and stars. Sailors used it in the sea to see how far they traveled.

Question 19

What are two reasons why al_Khwarizmi’s book were important to the field of mathematics?

Answer 19

He is the Father of Algebra and the Algebra book helped solve problems of unknown numbers.His other book helped make the Arabic numerals popular.

Question 20

Why is the Indian concept of zero, which Muslims helped spread, significant?

Answer 20

It helps us write large numbers like 234, 2,340 and it also helps give an answer to example, 2-2

Question 21

List one Muslim contribution in Hospitals, Medication, Surgery and Disease.

Answer 21

Hospitals- they made the worlds first hospital
Medication-they made medicine from herbs and plants
Surgery-they used thread from animal gut to sow the wounds.
Disease-they realized that infections were caused by bacteria so they helped diagnose and treat the disease.

Question 22

What role did Sina’s book, The Canon of Medicine, play in the medieval world?

Answer 22

It explored the treatment of diseases and it was used in medical schools to teach the students.

Question 23

List two ways Muslims adapted and expanded bookmaking.

Answer 23

They gathered the sheets of paper and sewed them into leather bindings and added gold designs and paintings making the books beautiful.

Question 24

List one example of famous Muslim literature.Where did these stories originate, and where did they spread?

Answer 24

Arabian nights, stories from India, Persia and Middle East. A women tells a tale to her husband every night. Later a European translator added more stories like Aladdin’s magic lamp.

Question 25

What types of designs did Muslims use in their decorative art?

Answer 25

They used floral designs and geometric shapes and themost decorative was calligraphy.

Question 26

List two ways textiles were important to medieval Muslims.

Answer 26

They were used for trade and they were valuable because they were made with gold and silks and they were used in palaces.

Question 27

What was unique about the music that developed in Cordoba, Spain?

Answer 27

It combined both the Arab culture and Spanish culture. Ziryab also made the first music school in Spain.

Question 28

Polo and and Chess. Write one sentence what the pastime involves and one sentence why it became popular with medieval Muslims

Answer 28

Polo:Two teams on Horseback and use long sticks to hit a ball to make a goal. It became popular because the Muslims looked at horses as a symbol of wealth so it became popular among the wealthy.

Chess:It is a strategy game where players move pieces on the board to check mate the King. It became popular because it was an intellectual challenge.