Ch8 Transport in Animals

Question 1

Why do multicellular animals need transport system?

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe how the open circulatory system work’s in insects and disadvantages of this type of system:

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe how a closed circulatory system works and advantages of it:

Answer 3

Question 4

How does a single circulatory system compare to a large circulatory system?

Answer 4

Question 5

What do Arteries and Veins do?

Answer 5

Arteries- carry oxygenated blood from heart to body’s cells.
Veins- carry de-oxygenated blood from body’s cells to heart.

Question 6

What is the pathway of vessels to the heart?

Answer 6

Arteries -→ arterioles –→ capillaries —→ venules —→ veins –→ heart

Question 7

What are the different components inside blood vessels and what do they do?

Answer 7

• Endothelium - thin layer of smooth squamous cells lining lumen.
• Elastic Fibres - made of elastin, stretch + recoil, vessel has flexibility
• Smooth Muscle - contracts / relaxes to change size of human
• Collagen - structural support to maintain shape + size of vessel.

Question 8

How does the lumen of artery compare to vein?

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe blood flow through veins:

Answer 9

As skeletal muscles relax, blood pushes back against valves, causing them to close + prevent backflow.

Question 10

What is blood? What is the composition of blood?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are Albumins?

Answer 11

Albumins are small proteins involved in transport of other substances. - regulate osmotic pressure of blood.

Question 12

Why is the balance of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure of blood important?

Answer 12

Important for the formation of tissue fluid.

Question 13

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 13

Question 14

How is tissue fluid and lymph formed?

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe some properties of the human heart:

Answer 15

Question 16

Label the different parts of the heart. Flip over to check:

Answer 16

Question 17

How does the heart work- describe the process of how blood is pumped around the body:

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe what happens at PQRST on the electrocardiogram?

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain the myogenic stimulation of the heart:

Answer 19

Question 20

What does the ECG show for Tachycardia- what does it mean?

Answer 20

Question 21

What does the ECG show for Bradycardia - what does it mean?

Answer 21

Question 22

What does the ECG show for Heart Block- what does it mean?

Answer 22

Question 23

What does the ECG show for Ventricular Hypertrophy- what does it mean?

Answer 23

Question 24

What does the ECG show for Ventricular Fibrillation- what does it mean?

Answer 24

Question 25

What does the ECG show for Flat Line- what does it mean?

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe what happens at P, QRS, T in an ECG:

Answer 26

Question 27

What adaptations do erythrocytes have that make them ideal for transport in animals?

Answer 27

Question 28

How does Hb in RBCs bind with oxygen?

Answer 28

Question 29

How is oxygen able to move out of RBC and into the cytoplasm of metabolising cells?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the partial pressure of O2 (pO2) in the lungs and in body cells.

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe a Hb Saturation Curve and what it shows.

Answer 31

Question 32

Oxygen Dissociation Graph:

Answer 32

Question 33

Why does Foetal Hb have a different affinity than mother Hb and What is the graph for oxygen affinity:

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the Bohr Effect + graph:

Answer 34

Question 35

How does the Chloride Shift work. Flip card over:

Answer 35