ch8 questions

Question 1

Ethanol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and anesthetics all affect which neurotransmitter?

Answer 1

GABA

Question 2

Why does Claritin not make an individual drowsy whereby Benadryl will?

Answer 2

benadryl crosses the blood brain barrier

Question 3

The reason why cocaine and amphetamines can become so addictive is that ________.

Answer 3

the receptors for dopamine become desensitized and now more of the drug is needed to produc

Question 4

Blockage of the middle cerebral artery would affect which area of the central nervous system?

Answer 4

precentral gyrus

Question 5

Given the destruction of the substantia nigra that occurs, which of the following would be helpful for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 5

a synthetic dopamine replacement

Question 6

Check all that apply as functions of the central nervous system.

Answer 6

receives input from sensory neurons
directs activity of motor neurons that innervate both muscles and glands
contains association neurons within the brain and spinal cord
maintains homeostasis in the internal environment

Question 7

The only structure of the telencephalon primarily responsible for higher mental function is the ______________.

Answer 7

cerebrum

Question 8

Increased neuronal activity increases cerebral blood flow and is measured using emitters of single photons.

Answer 8

SPECT

Question 9

Neuronal magnetic activity is measured using magnetic coils and mathematical plots.

Answer 9

MEG

Question 10

Increased neuronal activity increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in local areas.

Answer 10

FMRI

Question 11

CT

Answer 11

A number of x-ray beams are sent through the brain or body region and are sensed by numerous detectors; a computer uses information to produces images.

Question 12

EEG

Answer 12

Neuronal activity is measured as maps with scalp electrode.

Question 13

PET

Answer 13

Increased neuronal activity increases cerebral blood flow and metabolite consumption in local areas.

Question 14

Which of the following activities would depend on proper functioning of the basal nuclei?

Answer 14

Hitting baseballs at a batting cage, putting a golf ball the exact distance necessary for a hole in one, catching oneself when you stumble, to prevent falling

Question 15

The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease occurs primarily in the __________ of the midbrain.

Answer 15

substantia nigra

Question 16

The __________ and __________ are the upper and lower masses of the corpus striatum, respectively.

Answer 16

caudate nucleus; lentiform nucleus

Question 17

If the corpus callosum were damaged, or surgically cut, which of the following activities might be difficult to accomplish?

Answer 17

describing and recognizing a friend’s face

Question 18

A young woman is diagnosed with Wernicke’s aphasia after a blow to the left side of her head. You explain that there is damage in the __________ of the left hemisphere, causing __________.

Answer 18

superior temporal gyrus; meaningless and rapid speech

Question 19

The __________ contains the pineal gland, which secretes the hormone __________.

Answer 19

epithalamus; melatonin

Question 20

The nuclei in the anterior hypothalamus that function as “clock cells” can be found in the _____________.

Answer 20

suprachiasmatic nuclei

Question 21

Check all that apply regarding the hypothalamus.

Answer 21

responds to changes in ambient temperature, regulates sleep and wakefulness, regulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone, evokes nausea during anxiety

Question 22

Cranial nerves are classified as __________.

Answer 22

either sensory, somatic motor, or mixed

Question 23

The cranial nerves associated with hearing and vision are comprised of ______________.

Answer 23

sensory fibers only

Question 24

The brain and the spinal cord are parts of the ____________.

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding the spinal nerves is correct?

Answer 25

the dorsal root carries sensory information

Question 26

The structures in the midbrain that function as visual relay centers are the __________.

Answer 26

superior colliculi of the corpora quadrigemina

Question 27

The production of releasing and inhibiting hormones by the hypothalamus are needed to control the ___________.

Answer 27

anterior pituitary gland

Question 28

keeping an email address in mind until you type it in an email

Answer 28

working memory

Question 29

remembering a vacation trip to the grand canyon

Answer 29

episodic memory

Question 30

knowing the bones of the body

Answer 30

semantic memory

Question 31

knowing how to double crochet an afghan

Answer 31

procedural memory

Question 32

which structure is important for forming memories, is affected by sleep and emotion

Answer 32

hippocampus

Question 33

A person who can understand a sentence, but struggles to repeat it clearly and is aware of the difficulty, may have ______________.

Answer 33

aphasia in the motor speech (Broca’s) area

Question 34

A head injury that caused partial loss of voluntary muscle control must have damaged the __________, located in the __________.

Answer 34

primary motor cortex; precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe