Ch.8 Muscle Flashcards
Muscles 3 primary functions
Provide Motion
Maintain Posture
Generate Heat
Bones controlled by conscious mind
Skeletal Muscle
Found only in the heart
Cardiac Muscle
Carries out unconscious internal movements of the body
Smooth Muscle
2 primary protein filaments responsible for contraction within a sarcomere
Thick, dark myosin and Thin, light actin
One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Motor Nerve
Hold components of muscle together
Connective Tissue Layers
Shortening of all sarcomeres in a muscle fiber
Muscle Contraction
When stimulated individual muscle fiber contracts completely or
Not at all
single muscle fiber contraction
Twitch Contraction
Thin broad superficial muscles found in all domestic species
Cutaneous Muscles
Individual smooth muscle cells or small groups of cells
Multiunit Smooth Muscle
2 main forms of gross anatomy
Multiunit smooth muscle and Visceral smooth muscle
Small and spindle shaped with single nucleus in the center
Microscopic Anatomy
Stimulates heart in fight-or-flight response, causes heart to beat faster
Sympathetic System
Inhibits cardiac function, causes heart to slow down and beat with less force
Parasympathetic System
Located in wall of right atrium, generates impulse to start each heartbeat, “pacemaker”
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Function to increase and decrease size of thoracic cavity
Skeletal Muscles of Respiration
External intercostal muscles, Diaphragm
Inspiratory Muscles
Internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles
Expiratory Muscles
Functions mainly for locomotion
Pelvic Limb Skele
Muscles of the hip joint:
Gluteal and hamstring muscles
Muscles of the stifle joint:
Quadriceps Femoris
Muscles of the tarsus and digits
Gastrocnemius Muscle
