CH8: Memory

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

reconstruction of past to suit present demands

Question 2

parallel processing

Answer 2

searching for 1 feature

Question 3

serial processing

Answer 3

searching for 2+ features

Question 4

encoding

Answer 4

brain memorizing event

Question 5

sensory memory

Answer 5

stitch moments together to see world as a whole

Question 6

iconic memory

Answer 6

fleeting visual afterimage

Question 7

echoic memory

Answer 7

fleeting visual aftersound

Question 8

icon/echo

Answer 8

lingering neuronal activity

Question 9

immediate/working/active/short-term memory

Answer 9

holds info @ front of mind

Question 10

3 components of working memory

Answer 10

representation, duration, capacity

Question 11

representation

Answer 11

type of info stored (visual + verbal for sure)

Question 12

duration

Answer 12

how long info stays in active memory

Question 13

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 13

repeating info to keep it in STM

Question 14

capacity

Answer 14

how much info you can rehearse (2 sec worth)

Question 15

chunking

Answer 15

organizing info in meaningful units to remember (phone #)

Question 16

working memory model

Answer 16

how memory is manipulated (phono loop, visual sketchpad, central exec)

Question 17

phonological loop

Answer 17

working memory model; auditory/verbal info stored + manipulated

Question 18

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 18

working memory model; visual info stored + manipulated

Question 19

central exectutive

Answer 19

controls info flow to/from LTM and phono loop/sketchpad

Question 20

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 20

relating new info to old info meaninfully w/ deep processing

Question 21

4 types of elaboration

Answer 21

imagery, organization, distinctiveness, self-reference

Question 22

explicit/declarative memory

Answer 22

LTM; episodic or semantic

Question 23

implicit memory

Answer 23

LTM; procedural, classically conditioned things, primed things

Question 24

Priming

Answer 24

implicit memory, improved processing of things you’ve experienced before

Question 25

adaptive memory

Answer 25

info relevant to survival easier to remember

Question 26

encoding-specificity principle

Answer 26

cues must match how info was encoded

Question 27

transfer-appropriate processing

Answer 27

encode w/ same processing you’ll need for testing (don’t read math problems - solve them!)

Question 28

context-dependent memory

Answer 28

enviro same as encoding = memory enhancement

Question 29

state-dependent memory

Answer 29

internal state same as encoding = memory enhancement

Question 30

errors of ommission (EoO)

Answer 30

can’t remember

Question 31

transience

Answer 31

EoO; forget over time due to memory decay & interference

Question 32

absent-mindedness

Answer 32

EoO; can’t remember if you never encoded well

Question 33

blocking

Answer 33

EoO; cues insufficient to trigger memory; tip-of-tongue

Question 34

errors of commission (EoC)

Answer 34

wrong/unwanted info recalled

Question 35

misattribution

Answer 35

EoC; source of info recalled wrong (deja vu, flashbulb)

Question 36

suggestibility

Answer 36

EoC; outsider suggestion = misremember info

Question 37

bias

Answer 37

EoC; beliefs influence memory, schemas overgeneralized, exceptions unnoticed

Question 38

persistence

Answer 38

EoC; intrusive thoughts

Question 39

hyperthymesia

Answer 39

amygdala enlarged, near-perfect memory

Question 40

amnesia (+ 2 types)

Answer 40

brain damage = forgetting

retrograde: forget old things
anterograde: can’t make new memories

Question 41

false-belief memory

Answer 41

think you recall something b/c semantically related to other things, but not true

Question 42

serial position curve

Answer 42

remember things that came first (primacy) & things that came last (recency)