Ch.8-Articulations Flashcards
Name and describe common body movements.
Angular movements-decrease/increase the angle between 2 bones
Gliding movements-include the movement of the intertarsal and intercarpal joints and between the flat articulations vertebral processes
Rotation movement-involve the turning of a bone around it’s long axis
Joint movements include:
Flexion-bending parts at a joint so they come closer together, sagittal plane, decreases angle of the joint, eg. Tilting head forward towards chest.
Extension-straightening parts at a joint so they move farther apart. Reverse of flexion, occurs at same joints, also Sagitta plane, angle between bones is increased, usually straightens a flexed body part, eg. Straightening of a flexed elbow.
Hyperextension-extending the parts at a joint beyond the normal range of motion, often resulting in injury because the anatomic position is exceeded.
Dorsiflexion-moving the ankle so the top of the foot comes closer to the shin or moving the wrist so the back of the hand comes closer to the arm(wrist extension).
Plantar flexion-moving the ankle so the foot moves farther from the shin, pointing the toes, this corresponds to wrist flexion.
Abduction-moving a part away from the midline/median plane of the body, eg. Raising the arm or thigh laterally. For fingers and toes it means ‘spreading apart’ as it is relative to midline of hand/foot.
Adduction-opposite of abduction-moving a part toward the midline of the body. For fingers/toes, it is moving toward midline of the hand/foot.
Rotation-moving a part around its axis, either directed toward the midline or away from it. Common at hip, shoulder and first 2 cervical vertebrae.
Circumduction-moving a part so its end follows a circular path, as if describing a cone in space. The distal end of a circumducting limb(eg. Hand) moves in a circle, whereas the ‘point’ of the cone(eg. Shoulder) remains almost stationary. Circumduction actually consists of 4 movements-flexion, then abduction, then extension, then adduction.
Pronation-turning the hand so the palm is downward, facing posteriorly. The forearm is rotated medially, moving the distal end of the radius across the ulna, forming an X between the 2 bones. The forearm remains in this position when a person is standing but relaxed. Pronation is not as strong a movement as supination.
Supination-turning the hand so that the palm is upward, facing anteriorly. The forearm is rotated laterally. In the anatomical position, the hand is supinate while the radius and ulnae are parallel.
Eversion-turning the foot so the plantar surface(sole) faces laterally. Turning foot outward as if toes would circle the body.
Inversion-turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially. Turning foot inward toward midline.
Protraction-moving a part forward, in a non-angular anterior movement in the transverse plane, eg. Mandible is protracted when you stick your jaw out.
Retraction- moving a part backward which is a non-angular posterior movement in the transverse plane, eg. Mandible is retracted when you pull your jaw back after sticking it out.
Elevation-raising a part(lifting it superiorly), eg. Scapulae are elevated when you shrug your shoulders.
Depression-lowering a part(lowering it inferiorly), eg. When chewing the mandible is elevated and depressed repeatedly.
Opposition-involves the saddle joint between the trapezium and metacarpal 1, the thumb performs opposition when you touch it to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand. Opposition allows us to grasp items. Reposition returns the thumb and fingers from opposition.
