Ch.1-Intro To A+P Flashcards
Define anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy is defined as the study of body parts, forms and structures.
Physiology is defined as the study of body functions.
Describe the major body cavities.
Cranial cavity(housing the brain) Thoracic cavity(inside the chest) Abdominopelvic cavity(inside abdomen and pelvis)
List the systems of the body.
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive
List organs of integumentary system
Skin Hair Nail Sebaceous(oil) glands Sweat glands
List organs of skeletal system
Bones
Ligaments
Cartilages
List organs of muscular system
Muscles
Tendons
List organs of nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sensory organs
List organs of endocrine system
Hypothalamus Pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands Pancreas Pineal gland Adrenal glands Thymus
List organs of cardiovascular system
Heart Blood Arteries Veins Capillaries
List organs of lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels Lymph nodes Thymus Spleen Lymph fluid
List organs of digestive system
Mouth Teeth Salivary glands Tongue Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
List organs of respiratory system
Nose Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
List organs of urinary system
Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Penis
List organs of reproductive system
Male - Scrotum, Testes, Epididymides, Ductus deferentia, Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, Penis, Urethra
Female - Ovaries, Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Clitoris, Vulva
Describe directions of the body
Inferior-below Superior-above Anterior(ventral)-toward the front Posterior(dorsal)-toward the back Lateral-toward the side Bilateral-refers to paired structures Contralateral-structures on opposite sides Ipsilateral-structures on the same side Medial-imaginary body midline Distal-farther from attachment point to trunk Proximal-closer to attachment point to trunk Deep-more internal Superficial-more external
Describe planes of the body
Coronal(frontal)-divides body into anterior and posterior.
Sagittal-divides body lengthwise into left and right portions.
Transverse(horizontal)-divides body into superior and inferior portions.
Discuss the membranes near the heart.
The heart is surrounded by a double-walled sac known as the pericardium, this has a superficial, loose fitting section known as the fibrous pericardium. This protects the heart whilst connecting it to the surrounding structures, and prevents it from overfilling with blood. Below the fibrous pericardium is the serous pericardium which is a thin, double layered membrane forming a closed sac around the heart. The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral layer(epicardium) continues to cover the surface of the heart.
Discuss the membranes near the lungs.
The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura which is continuous with the parietal pleura, which forms the second/outer layer. There is no actual space between these pleural membranes, the region between them is referred to as the pleural cavity.
Discuss the membranes near the abdominal cavity.
The abdominal cavity is lined with peritoneal membranes, including the parietal peritoneum lining the walls of the abdomen and the visceral peritoneum covering each organ. Between these membranes the potential space is called the peritoneal cavity. Organs in the abdominal cavity are located either inside the peritoneum(intraperitoneal) or behind the peritoneum(retroperitoneal).
List the 9 abdominal regions.
R hypochondriac
R lumbar
R iliac
Central
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
L hypochondriac
L lumbar
L iliac
