Ch.4-Cellular Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The body’s many chemical reactions constitute its metabolism. These chemical reactions store and use energy to maintain homeostasis, and to perform all the body’s essential functions.
2 major types of metabolic reaction are Anabolism and Catabolism.
Every type of cell in the body performs basic chemical reactions.
What is Anabolism?
The building of larger and new molecules.
What is Catabolism?
The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.
What is Oxidation?
Glucose burns in the cells to release energy that fuels the process of Anabolism.
Inside the cells, enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy needed for oxidation as part of cellular respiration.
What is an Oxidation-reduction reaction?
This occurs when one substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen(the process of oxidation), causing another substance to gain electrons(the process of reduction).
These coupled reactions are also referred to as Redox reactions.
When bonds between the atoms of molecules are broken, chemical energy is released.
Cellular respiration consists of what 3 types of reactions?
Glycolysis.
The Citric Acid Cycle/The Krebs Cycle.
The Electron Transport Chain.
Because oxygen is the final electron acceptor, this overall process is called Aerobic Respiration.
Describe Glycolysis.
Involves the breakdown of glucose too yield Lactic acid or Pyruvic acid, releasing energy as ATP.
Describe The Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle.
Involves the metabolism of carbon chains of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids.
It yields carbon dioxide, water, and high-energy phosphate bonds(ATP).
Describe the Electron Transport Chain.
High-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule.
What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration?
Aerobic Respiration generates energy within the mitochondria.
Anaerobic Respiration occurs outside of the mitochondria, releasing less energy Aerobic Respiration.
What controls cellular respiration?
Specific sequences of enzymatic actions-anabolic and catabolic reactions.
Each sequence is referred to as a Metabolic Pathway.
Describe Glycogenesis.
The joining together of glucose molecules in long chains to form Glycogen.
Describe Glycogenolysis.
The splitting(lysis) of glycogen which occurs when blood glucose levels drop.
Describe Gluconeogenesis.
The process of forming new glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules.
What is the body’s most concentrated energy source?
Fats. However, triglycerides are the only type of fats regularly oxidised for energy.
