CH8 Flashcards
Pelvic Girdle
- The R and L hip bones, sacrum and coccyx form the pelvis
- Attaches lower limb to axial skeleton through articulation with sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
Hip bones
3 bones - ilium, ischium, pubic bone that fuse together later
* They all fuse at the acetabulum
Scapula structures
- Acromion, coracoid process, suprascapular notch
- 3 borders - Superior, medial (toward vertebrae) and lateral (outside) borders
- Glenoid cavity - humerus attaches
- Supraspinous fossa, infraspinatus fossa, subscapular fossa
What does the humerus articulate with
glenoid cavity
Carpal bones
8, proximal carpal bones articulate with radius and ulna
Proximal carpal bones (lateral to medial)
Scaphoid - boat shaped
Lunate - moon
Triquetrum - 3 cornered
Pisiform - pea
Distal carpal bones (lat to med)
Trapezium - table
Trapezoid - table
Capitate - head shaped
Hamate - hooked
Metacarpals
5 on each hand
Carpal tunnel structures
- passageway where 9 muscle tendons and a major nerve enter the hand from the anterior forearm.
- The walls and floor of carpal tunnel are in a U shape of carpal bones and roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum
flexor retinaculum
a strong ligament that anteriorly unites the bones
Carpal tunnel syndrome
overuse of flexion/extension of the wrist that causes swelling and puts pressure on the nerve. Tingling down the hand
Pubic symphysis
Fibrocartilage that connects the anterior portion of the pelvis
Lesser pelvis
true pelvis, birth canal
Arches of the foot
Transverse arch, medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch
Male vs female pelvis
- Male Pelvis - thicker and heavier, heart shaped, longer and narrower, subpubic angle is less than 70º, pelvic outlet is smaller
- Female Pelvis - lighter, thinner, round/oval shaped, shorter and wider, subpubic angle is greater than 90º, pelvic outlet is rounded and larger
lateral longitudinal arch
flat, on outside of foot
Trasverse Arch
goes from medial to lateral, helps to distribute weight/stability
Medial longitudinal arch
shock absorber and springboard for walking, running, jumping
Clawfoot
Medial longitudinal arch is abnormally raised; an excessively arched foot
Pes planus
- Flat foot or fallen arches - Prolonged, excessive stretching of ligaments resulting in gradual lengthening of ligaments.
- Occurs in overweight individuals, people who stand for long periods of time, or walk or run long distances
Bunion
Bony bump that forms at the base of big toe metatarsophalangeal
