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BIOL1170 - Anatomy & Physiology I > CH7 - Nervous System > Flashcards

CH7 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS Functions

A
  • Integration
  • Interpret incoming sensory information
  • Issues outgoing instructions
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2
Q

CNS Organs

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
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3
Q

PNS Organs

A
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Cranial Nerves
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4
Q

Carry impulses to and from spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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5
Q

Carry impulses to and from brain

A

Cranial nerves

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6
Q

PNS Functions

A
  • Cranial and spinal nerves link CNS and rest of body
  • Perform motor and sensory function
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7
Q

Carries general sensory signals from muscles, bones, joints, skin and special sense organs

A

Somatic sensory division

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8
Q

Carries signals from organs

A

Visceral Sensory division

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9
Q

Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) division
- Afferent Arrives at brain

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10
Q

Nerve fibers that carry information away from the CNS

A

Motor (efferent) division
- efferent exits brain

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11
Q

Carries signals to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Motor Division

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12
Q

“Fight or flight” division

A

Sympathetic
“E” division

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13
Q

“Rest and digest” division

A

Parasympathetic
“D” division

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14
Q

Nervous tissue is made of 2 types of cells

A
  • Neurons
  • Neuroglia
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15
Q

Conduct nerve impulses

A

Neurons

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16
Q

Don’t conduct nerve impulses

A

Neuroglia

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17
Q

Anchor neurons to blood capillaries as barrier against harmful substances

A

Astrocytes

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18
Q

Phagocytes that monitor neuron health and dispose of debris or bacteria

A

Microglia

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19
Q

Cilia circulate cerebrospinal fluid through CNS brain and spinal cord as protective cushion

A

Ependymal Cells

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20
Q

Produce myelin sheaths around CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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21
Q

Produce myelin sheaths around PNS

A

Schwann Cells

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22
Q

Protect neuron cell bodies in PNS

A

Satellite Cells

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23
Q

Metabolic center, contains nucleus, cytoplasm, and all organelles except centrioles

A

Cell Body

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24
Q

Conduct impulses toward cell body

A

Dendrites

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25
Conducts impulses away from cell body, connected at axon hillock
Axon
26
Allow communication to flow from one neuron to the next
Axon Terminals
27
Protects, insulates, and speeds up nerve impulses, with gaps between Schwann cell production areas called Nodes of Ranvier
Myelin Sheaths
28
Gray Matter
No Myelin
29
White Matter
Myelin
30
Carry impulses from the central nervous system to viscera and muscles and glands
Motor (efferent) neurons
31
Cell bodies located in CNS; connect sensory and motor neurons
Interneurons
32
Many extensions from the cell body
Multipolar neurons
33
One dendrite and one axon
Bipolar neurons
34
Short single process leaving cell body
Unipolar neurons
35
Sensory Receptors of Skin
- Pain - Temperature - Light touch - Deep pressure - Proprioception
36
Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
Nuclei
37
Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS in the PNS
Ganglia
38
Bundles of nerve fibers in CNS
Tracts
39
Bundles of nerve fibres in PNS
Nerves
40
Resting membrane is polarized
Action Potential 1: Neuron at Rest
41
Stimulus initiates local depolarization
Action Potential 2: Stimulus
42
Depolarization and generation of an action potential
Action Potential 3: Depolarization
43
Propagation of the action potential
Action Potential 4: Propagation
44
Restoring the inside of the membrane to a negative charge
Action Potential 5: Repolarization
45
Initial ionic conditions restored
Action Potential 6: Reset to Rest
46
When the action potential reaches the axon terminal...
the electrical charge opens calcium channels
47
Somatic Reflexes
- Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles - Involuntary; skeletal muscle is normally under voluntary control
48
Autonomic Reflexes
Regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands
49
Simple Reflex Arcs
1. Receptor picks up stimulus 2. Sensory afferent neuron sends info 3. Interneuron acts as integration center 4. Sends motor neuron to effector 5. Effector is usually muscle
50
4 Brain Divisions
1. Cerebral hemispheres (Cerebrum) 2. Diencephalon 3. Brain stem 4. Cerebellum
51
Gyri and Sulci
Ridges and Grooves
52
3 basic parts of Cerebrum
- Cortex of gray matter - Internal area of white matter - Basal nuclei
53
Outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
Gray Matter
54
Fiber tracts deep to the gray matter
White Matter
55
Executive functions (critical thinking, reasoning)
Frontal Lobe - Sends impulses to skeletal muscles
56
Primary somatic sensory area
Parietal Lobe - Receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors
57
Interprets visual information
Occipital Lobe
58
Interprets auditory and olfactory information
Temporal Lobe
59
3 Structures of Diencephalon
1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalamus
60
Hypothalamus
- Helps regulate body temperature - Controls water balance - Regulates metabolism
61
Parts of Brain Stem
- Midbrain - Pons - Medulla oblongata
62
Protection of CNS
- Scalp and skin - Skull and vertebral column - Meninges - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Blood-brain barrier
63
Tough outermost layer
Dura Mater
64
Middle layer
Arachnoid layer
65
Internal Layer
Pia Mater
66
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Formed by the choroid plexus (capillaries in the ventricles of the brain)
67
Blood-brain barrier is useless against
- Respiratory gases - Alcohol - Anesthesia
68
How many PNS cranial nerves
12 pairs
69
How many PNS spinal nerves
31 pairs

BIOL1170 - Anatomy & Physiology I (3 decks)

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