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APUSH > Ch7 Age Of Jefferson > Flashcards

Ch7 Age Of Jefferson Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Jeffersons first term

A
  • maintain national bank + debt repayment plan
  • neutrality policies
  • limit central gov
  • reduce size of military
  • repeal excise tax
  • lowered national debt
  • suspend alien + sedition acts
  • tries to impeach Federalist judges (UNSUCCESSFUL)

ONLY REPUBS IN HIS CABINET

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2
Q

LA Purchase background

A

1800 – French forced Spain to give back territory

1803 – Napoleon lost plan:

  1. Need French resources to fight Eng
  2. Rebellion in Santo Domingo = French loss
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3
Q

US interest

A

1802 Spanish closed port in New Orleans – revoked right of deposit fro Pickney treaty of 1795

LA Purchase
Gave New Orleans + entire Louisiana territory

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4
Q

Constitutional prob + effects of LA Purchase

A

No clause in constitution says president can purchase foreign land

More hope that country’s future based on agrarian society of independent farmers (not urban + industrial)

Federalist seen as weak

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5
Q

Importance of Lewis and Clark expedition 1804

A

Better relations with American Indians

Greater knowledge of region

Stronger claims to Oregon territory

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6
Q

Marbury v Madison
1803

Background, result, significance

A

1st decision by John Marshall

  1. Prev, John Adams appointed Federalist judges
  2. President Jefferson ordered James Madison NOT to deliver commissions to those Federalist judges
  3. William Marbury sued for commission

Marshall said under Judiciary Act 1789, Court had a greater power than constitution allowed—>
Marbury would not receive commission

Marshall sacrificed what would have been small federalist gain for the larger long term judicial victory

** by ruling a lot congress = unconstitutional, he established judicial review

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7
Q

Judicial review

A
  • SC exercise power to decide if active congress/Pres was allowed by constitution
  • SC cud overrule actions by other 2 branches

POWER

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8
Q

Quids

A

I choose to Jefferson of abandoning Democratic Republican principles

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9
Q

Barbary pirates

A

-Jeff refused to pay = sent small fleet of U.S. Navy to Mediterranean

  • no decisive victory but:
    1. Gained some respect
    2. Letter to protect US vessels trading in Mediterranean
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10
Q

impressment

A

Napoleonic wars

–> seized neutral nations + confiscated cargoes

–>Brit captured US sailors + claimed they Brit citizens + force them to serve in Brit navy

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11
Q

Chesapeake leopard affair

1807

A

Brit warship Leopard fired US warship Chesapeake

Anti-British feelings

BUT JEFF SET ON NEUTRALITY

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12
Q

Embargo act

1807

A

**Alternative to war due to Chesapeake leopard affair

“peaceable coercion”

-prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to foreign ports
(hoping would affect Britain)

BACKFIRED
–> greater economic hardship to US
(Esp to merchant + shipbuilders of New England)

–> so bad that new England states wanted to secede from union

Brit determined to control the seas + no difficulty in substituting US

REPEALED 1809

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13
Q

Nonintercourse Act

1809

A

Places embargo act

US ship could trade with all nations EXCEPT Brit + France

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14
Q

Macon’s bill no. 2

1810

A

Macon introduced bill to restore US trade w/ Brit + France

BUT

If either Brit or France formally agreed to respect US neutrality,
US would prohibit trade with the other nation

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15
Q

Causes of War of 1812

A
  1. Violation of US neutral rights at sea

2. Troubles with British on western frontier

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16
Q

War of 1812

Enemy France + Brit

A

Brit violations = worse

Bc

Brit Navy impressed American sailors

17
Q

War of 1812

Frontier tensions

A

Conflict with American Indians

Americans blamed British for instigating Indian rebellion

18
Q

Battle of Tippecanoe

1811

A

Shawnee bros Tecumseh + Prophet
–> try to unite ALL tribes east of Mississippi River

White settlers suspicious = general William Henry Harrison takes aggressive action

Tecumseh’s efforts to form Indian Confed FAILS

Brits seen to be involved (THO provided limited aid to Indians)

19
Q

War Hawks

A

-Young Democratic Republicans to congress

Led by: Henry Clay, John Calhoun

-Many from frontier

** wanted war with Britain
–> only way to:
(A) defend American honor
(B) gainCanada
(C) destroy American Indian resistance on frontier

20
Q

Opposition to war

Critic: New Eng merchants

A

Critics saw War as “Mr. Madison’s War”

  • repeal of Embargo act = profit from Euro war
  • impressment = minor inconvenience
  • Protestant ties to Protestant British than catholic French
21
Q

Opposition to war

Critics: Federalists + Quids

A

FEDS
-saw war as scheme to conquer Canada + Florida

–> to increase democratic-Republican voting strength

QUIDS
-violated classic democratic republican commitment to limited federal power + maintain peace

22
Q

Invasion of Canada

A

Americans raided and burn government buildings in York – Toronto

23
Q

Naval battles

A

Lake Erie 1813- Amer win

Lake Champlain 1814- Amer win
Brit had to abandon plans to invade NY + NE

24
Q

Chesapeake Campaign

A
  • British army set fire to government buildings in Washington DC
  • star-Spangled Banner
25
Q

Southern campaign

A

British efforts to control Mississippi River
BUT

The battle of New Orleans 1815
–> Jackson lead a force of frontier soldiers, free African-Americans, Creoles
WON

26
Q

Treaty of Ghent

1815

A

Ended war of 1812

British made no concessions regarding impressment!

Overall war ended in stalemate – no gain for either side

27
Q

Hartford convention

A

***Try to reinstate influence of Feds

FAIL BC:

  1. Jackson’s victory at New Orleans
  2. Treaty of Ghent
    - -> ended criticism of war + weakend Feds (seen as unpatriotic)
28
Q

War of 1812 legacy

A
  1. US gains respect of other nations
  2. US excepts Canada as part of British Empire
  3. Federalists decline (even in NE)
  4. Secession talk from new England set a precedent to be used by the South
  5. Indians forced to surrender land to whites – abandoned by British
  6. British naval blockade = limits European goods
    US factories built + Americans toward industrial self-sufficiency
  7. War heroes = new gen of political leaders (Jackson, William Henry Harrison)
  8. Strong nationalism (US away from Europe)

APUSH (6 decks)

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