Ch8 Nationalism And Economic Development

Question 1

Era of good feelings

Answer 1

• federalists gone
• nationalism
• BUT many debates over tariffs, national bank, internal improvements, etc.

Question 2

Cultural nationalism

Answer 2

• prospects of nation expanding westward
• little interest in European conflict
• PATRIOTISM –> paintings of heroes of revolution

Question 3

Tariff 1816

Answer 3

• B4 1812, Congress levied low tariffs on imports (raise gov revenue)
• DURING War, New factories to supply the goods originally from British
• peacetime, afraid that British dump all goods into America, Congress acts:

TO PROTECT US MANUFACTURERS FRO COMPETITION
Congress raised tariffs

1st protective tariff in US history

Question 4

Opposition to Tariff of 1816

Answer 4

Oppose: New England!!
Why: bc not a lot of manufacturing at the time

~support: S + W bc felt necessary for national prosperity

Question 5

Henry Clay’s American system

Answer 5

1. Protective tariffs 
• manufacturing
• raise revenue to build transportation system
• federally constructed roads + canals
--> tariff of 1816

2. ntnl bank
   • provide ntnl currency
   –> Second bank of the US (first bank expired 1811)
3. Internal improvements
   • growth in W + S
   –> ***problem

Question 6

Prob with internal improvements

Answer 6

Madison + Monroe:

Const. did NOT provide for spending of federal money on roads + canals

• Munro consistently vetoed Congress acts for providing funds for building
• ->individ States had to make own internal improvements

Question 7

Panic of 1819

Why?

Answer 7

Fault: Second Bank of US

• tightened credit in effort to control inflation
• *speculation

Question 8

Panic of 1819 impact

Answer 8

• State banks closed
• unemployment, bankruptcies, imprisonment for debt increased

AFFECTED WEST MOST

• Western ppl speculated land
• Bank of US foreclosed large amts of western farmland
• economic crisis = strong opposition to debtors prison + ntnl bank

Question 9

Significance of
Marbury V Madison
1803

Answer 9

• judicial review

- ruled federal law unconstitutional

Question 10

Significance of
Fletcher the Peck
1810

Answer 10

-1st time declared state law = unconstitutional + invalid

Question 11

Significance of
McCulloch v Maryland
1819

Answer 11

-MA tax 2nd Bank

-State could NOT tax federal institution
-fed laws> state laws
“Power to tax is the power to destroy”

-Const. gave fed gov implied power to create ntnl bank

Question 12

Significance of
Gibbons V Ogden
1821

Answer 12

NY Monopoly to steamboat company = unconstitutional

Established federal gov’s control of interstate commerce

Question 13

Reasons for westward movement

Answer 13

-American lands gained by victories of Jackson + William Henry Harrison

• economic
  (a) difficulties in north east = people want new future in West
  (b) S – new land for tobacco
• frontier easy to reach with building of roads and canals etc.
• immigrants attracted to cheap land in Great Lakes region

Question 14

Western objectives

Answer 14

• cheap money/easy credit = from state banks, NOT bank of US
• low prices for land sold by fed gov
• improved transportation

*** slavery still issue

Question 15

Missouri compromise

1820

Answer 15

•Talmage amendment
–> defeated bc Southerners saw as effort to abolish slavery

• Clay’s proposals
-slavery allowed north of latitude_____
PASSED

Question 16

Monroe doctrine

1823

Answer 16

-restoration of monarchies (worried abt Spain’s power in S Amer!!)

Doctrine says (Quincy Adams> George Canning)
American continents cannot be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers

Canning annoyed that this applied to Britain as well

Question 17

Lancaster turnpike

Answer 17

Pennsylvanian Road build in 1790s

By mid 1820s connected most of countries major cities

Question 18

Roads argument

Answer 18

• need for interstate roads
• States writers blocked spending of federal funds on internal improvements
• construction of highways crossing state lines = unusual

EXCEPTION: Cumberland Road

Question 19

Cumberland Road

Answer 19

Highway + route to W.: extend from MA to Illinois

** used federal + state money

–>diff States received ownership of segments of Highway

Question 20

Erie Canal

1825

Answer 20

Link economies of Western Farms + eastern cities

Improved transportation =
(A)lower food prices in east
(B)more immigrants settling in West
(C) stronger economic ties between 2 sections

Question 21

Steam boat

Answer 21

Began 1807

Developed by Robert Fulton

Question 22

Eli Whitney

Answer 22

1793-cotton gin

War of 1812- Interchangeable parts

Question 23

Samuel Slater

Answer 23

• Cotton spinning machines

- built first US factory in 1791

Question 24

Lowell system

Answer 24

• Young farm women recruited and housed in company dormitories
• corporations initially recruited daughters of properties NE farmers

Question 25

Commercial Agriculture

Answer 25

Early 1800s,
Farming= commercial enterprise than subsistence for fam

• Western lands = low prices by fed gov
• State banks gave farmers loans with low interest rates

-opening of canals + railroads = new markets in growing factory cities in east

Question 26

Cottongin impact on South

Answer 26

• easy to separate cotton fiber from seeds

- Southern planters found cotton more profitable than tobacco + indigo (leading crops of colonial period)

Question 27

Market revolution

Answer 27

• interdependence among ppl
• Society more urban + industrialized

-WOMEN
(A) NO longer worked next to their husbands on family farms
(B) seek employment in city: domestic service or teaching
–> Lowell women= single

Question 28

John C Calhoun

Answer 28

Favors internal improvements

Question 29

Adams-Onis Treaty

1819

Answer 29

US gained all of Florida
in exchange for

US claim to Texas
+ Spains claim to Pacific Northwest

Question 30

SIGNIFICANCE of Dartmouth College V Woodward

Answer 30

• NH gov tried to change charter

- -> Marshall says charter = contract!! X be changed