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chemistry > ch7-acids and alkalis > Flashcards

ch7-acids and alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

whatre acids

A

substances that produce H+ ions 9hydrogen0 when dissolved in water

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2
Q

what are bases

A

substances that neutralise acids

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3
Q

what is an alkali

A

a soluble hydroxide

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4
Q

what is a neautralisation reaction

A

when acids react with bases to form salt and water

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5
Q

what do soluble hydroxides (alkalis) produced when dissolved in water

A

OH- (hydroxide) ions

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5
Q

whats a ph scale

A

a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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5
Q

whats the ph scale of acids

A

0-6 (red in universal indicator)

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6
Q

whats the ph scale of alkalis

A

8-14 (purple in univeral indicators)

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7
Q

what do hydrogen ions do

A

make substances acidic

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8
Q

what do hydroxide ions do

A

make substances alkaline

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9
Q

what do the salts produced in neutralisations between acids and bases or alkaline solutions depend on

A
  • the acid used (hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, sulfuric acid produces sulfates)
  • the metal in the base or alkali.
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10
Q

what does hydrochloric acid produce in neutralisation reactions

A

chlorides

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11
Q

what does nitric acid produce in neutralisation reactions

A

nitrates

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12
Q

what does sulfuric acid produce in neutralisation reactions

A

sulfates

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13
Q

what is the basic equation for neutralisation reactions

A

H+ ions (from acid) + OH- ions (from alkali) -> H20

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14
Q

what do ammonia dissolved in water produce

A

alkaline solution, usually ammonium salts

14
Q

what happens to calcium hydroxide (limewater) in water

A

reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate

15
Q

how can salts be made

A

by reaction a metal with an acid to produce salt and hydrogen

16
Q

what is a salt

A

a compound formed when hydrogen is replaced by either metal or ammonium ions

17
Q

acid+ metal ->,,,

A

salt + hydrogen

18
Q

how can salts be crystalised out of a solution

A

evaporating off the water from the formed solution to form a solid salt

19
Q

whatre the 3 ways u can make soluble salts

A

react acids with
-base (salt+water)
-metal (salt+hydrogen)
-alkali (salt+water)

20
Q

how can insoluble salts be made

A

by reaction 2 solube salts to produce a precipitate

21
Q

how can precipitation be used

A

to remove unwanted ions from solutions: for example, in treating water for drinking or in treating effluent.

chemistry (16 decks)

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