Ch.7

Question 1

Concentrated Benefits and Dispersed Costs

Answer 1

The theory that minority benefiting from a government program will make a stronger effort to keep it than the majority will make to abolish it

Question 2

Democratic Party

Answer 2

One of the two major American political parties evolving out of the Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson. It was formed in 1828

Question 3

Direct Technique

Answer 3

An interest group technique that uses direct interaction with government officials to further the group’s goals

Question 4

Divided Government

Answer 4

A situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls one or more chambers of Congress, or in which one party controls a state governorship and the other controls the state legislature

Question 5

Free-Rider Problem

Answer 5

The difficulty that interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained with out joining the group

Question 6

GOP

Answer 6

A nickname for the Republican Party, which stands for “grand old party”

Question 7

Independent

Answer 7

A voter or candidate who does not identify with a political party

Question 8

Indirect Technique

Answer 8

An interest group technique that uses third parties to influence government officials

Question 9

Interest Group

Answer 9

An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policymakers

Question 10

Labor Movement

Answer 10

The economic and political expression of working-class individuals

Question 11

Lobbyist

Answer 11

An organization or individual who attempts to influence the passage, defeat, or content of legislation and the government’s administrative decisions

Question 12

National Committee

Answer 12

A standing committee of a national political party established to direct and coordinate party activities between national party conventions

Question 13

Party Identification

Answer 13

Linking oneself to a particular political party

Question 14

Party Organization

Answer 14

The formal structure and leadership of a political party, including election committees, local, state, and national executives, and paid professional staff

Question 15

Party Platform

Answer 15

A document drawn up at each national convention, outlining the policies, positions, and principle of the party

Question 16

Patronage

Answer 16

The practice of rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employment and contracts

Question 17

Plurality

Answer 17

A number of votes cast for a candidate that is greater than the number of votes for any other candidate but is not necessarily a majority

Question 18

Policy Demanders

Answer 18

Individuals or interest group members who participate in political parties with the intent to see that certain policies are adopted or specific groups favored

Question 19

Political Party

Answer 19

A group of activists who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine public policy

Question 20

Public Interest

Answer 20

The best interests of the overall community, national good

Question 21

Realignment

Answer 21

A large-scale, lasting change in the types of voters who support each of the major political parties

Question 22

Republican Party

Answer 22

One of the two major American political parties. It emerged in the 1850’s as an antislavery party and consisted of former northern Whigs and antislavery Democrats

Question 23

Service Sector

Answer 23

The sector of the economy that provides services-such as health care, banking, and education

Question 24

Social Movement

Answer 24

A movement that represents the demands of a large segment f the public for political, economic, or social change

Question 25

Splinter Party

Answer 25

A new party formed by a dissident faction within a major political party

Question 26

State Central Committee

Answer 26

The principle organized structure of each political party within each state, responsible for carrying out policy decisions

Question 27

Straight-Ticket Voting

Answer 27

Voting exclusively for the candidates of one party

Question 28

Third Party

Answer 28

A political party other than the two major political parties

Question 29

Two-Party System

Answer 29

A political system in which only two political parties have a reasonable chance of winning

Question 30

unit Rule

Answer 30

A rue by which all of a state’s electoral votes are cast for the presidential candidate who receives a plurality of the votes in that state

Question 31

Wave Election

Answer 31

An election in which voters display dissatisfaction with one of the major parties through a “wave” of support for the other

Question 32

Whig Party

Answer 32

A major party in the U.S. during the first half of the 19th century, formally established in 1836, was anti-Jackson and advocated for spending on infrastructure