Ch6: Social Psychology

Question 1

incongruity

Answer 1

falling short of your ideal self

Question 2

looking-glass self

Answer 2

idea that a person’s sense of self develops from the perspective of others

Question 3

social behaviorism

Answer 3

the idea that the mind and self emerge through communicating with others

Question 4

mores

Answer 4

norms that are highly important and enforced

Question 5

folkways

Answer 5

norms that are not as highly important or enforced

Question 6

anomie

Answer 6

social condition in which people are not provided with norms or guidance

Question 7

differential association

Answer 7

idea that deviance is a learned behavior resulting from interactions between individuals and their communities

Question 8

labeling theory

Answer 8

idea that deviance is society’s response to a person

Question 9

structural strain theory

Answer 9

idea that deviance is the result of strain

Question 10

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 10

(1) obedience and punishment orientation
(2) self-interest
(3) interpersonal accord and conformity
(4) authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(5) social contract orientation
(6) universal ethical principles

Question 11

attribution theory

Answer 11

how individuals attribute their actions

Question 12

halo effect

Answer 12

tendency to believe the people have inherently good or bad natures

Question 13

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Answer 13

as organizations grow, they become less able to adapt

Question 14

bystander effect

Answer 14

Kitty Genovese effect

Question 15

social loafing

Answer 15

tendency to exert less effort if evaluated as a group

Question 16

group polarization

Answer 16

members of a group move towards more extreme views of their own opinions

Question 17

Milgram

Answer 17

test of giving shocks to other people as a measure of obedience

Question 18

normative social influence

Answer 18

based on what others will think

Question 19

informational social influence

Answer 19

based on doing the right thing

Question 20

nonverbal communication

Answer 20

not using words

Question 21

elaboration likelihood model

Answer 21

discusses how people can be persuaded by content (central route) or secondary characteristics (peripheral route)

Question 22

reciprocal determinism

Answer 22

interaction between person’s behaviors and environment

Question 23

behavioral genetics

Answer 23

role of genes in behavior