Ch.6

Question 1

Exampl gram+ bacteria rod ?

Answer 1

actinomycosis هاد بعمل actinomycosis
nocardia هاي بتعمل no cardiasis
trophermya هاي بتعمل whipple diseas

Question 2

What is actinomyces describe هون بحكي عن صفات الاكتينوو بشكلٍ عام

Answer 2

1- branching gram+ bacillus 🦠
2-facultative anaerobic 🦠عشان هيك بصير fail to growth aerobically in primary culture
احسن اشي هون انسيها في بيئه anaerobic او في micro earophilic مع اضافه co2بتركيز ١٥-١٠%
3-almost all speceas are commercial in mouth
4_narrow TM range of growth around 35-37C

Question 3

What is main species of actinomyces and main diseases for?

Answer 3

actinomyces Israelii

بتسبب مرض

actinomycosis

Question 4

What is Distinguishing Features of Actinomyces israelii?

Answer 4

• Anaerobic
• Branching rods • Non-acid fast🔜 nocardia هاي مهمه عشان افرق بينها وبين
بحيث انه nocardia بتكون partial fact acid

Question 5

Actinomyces israelii

Reservoir :

Transmission :

Pathogenesis:

Answer 5

Reservoir 🌸هو human (normal flora of gingival crevices and female genital tract

Transmission🌸 endogenous

Pathogenesis 🌸 invasive growth in tissues with compromised oxygen supply

Question 6

حكينا عن اهم مرض تسوي Actinomyces israelii؟

Answer 6

Disease: actinomycosis

Question 7

What is characteristic actinomycosis?

Answer 7

1-•Generally not painful but very invasive, penetrating all tissues including 🍖
2-Tissue swelling can lead to draining abscesses (sinus tracts) with “sulfur” granules (hard yellow microcolonies) in exudate that can be used for microscopy or culture ( sulfur” granules (hard yellow diagnosis بكون زي حبه العدس لونه اصفر هاد مهم في microcolonies هاد

3-Only in tissues with low oxygenation (Eh)👾 ex🔜 Cervicofacial (lumpy jaw): dental trauma or poor oral hygiene. هاد عباره عن most common
– Pelvic: from thoracic or sometimes IUDs IUD: Intrauterine Device
– Abdominal: surgery or bowel trauma
– Thoracic: aspiration with contiguous spread
– CNS: solitary brain abscess (Nocardia will produce multiple foci)

Question 8

How can diagnosis and treatment of actinomycosis?

Answer 8

Diagnosis ✅ identify gram-positive branching bacilli in “sulfur granules”; colonies resemble molar tooth.

✅Treatment

surgical drainageاولا
بعدها بعطي penicillin V
Note ❗️metronidazole not effective
هسا بدي اكون عارف انه drugs of choice لكل انواع g+anaerobic هو ‏metronidazole ولكن هون في استثناء

Question 9

هسا الفرق بين nocardia و actinomycen في تكوين CNS abseas؟

Answer 9

هس كل منهم بكون brain abscess

‏nocardia〰️ multiple foci

‏ singelبتكون actinomycen

Question 10

بدي انتبه امنيح في اسئله cases شوبجيبو اما عن sulfur” granule او عن brain abscess

Answer 10

✔️هسا اذا ذكر في الكيس انه abscess لما عملتها drainage طلعت sulufar granuoles اذن هو على الاكيد actinomycen isra
✔️هسا في حال جاب عن brain abscess هون بد اركز اذا حكا singal فهي actinomycen اما اذا multiple اذن هون nocardia

Question 11

Anthor member of genas Actinomyces? And characteristic?

Answer 11

✔️Very rare cause of actinomycosis.
✔️All these species are commensals of the mouth Endogenous cause of disease
✔️May cause dental plaque and caries (Not A.meyeri, ) how? intieal colony on oral surface contrabutig in oral biofilm

Question 12

What is 2spices of nocardia?

Answer 12

nocardia ➡️*Asteroid
*brasiliensis

Question 13

what is distinguished feature in nocardia?

Answer 13

partiality acids fast
Aerobic
Gram+ branching rod نفس الاكتينو

Question 14

Nocardia:
Reserve 🔜
Transmission 🔜
Pathogens 🔜

Answer 14

✔️soil and dust
✔️airborn or tramitic implantation
✔️ no known toxins or virulence factors; immunosuppression and cancer predispose to pulmonary infection

Question 15

What is main Disease(s) of nocardia?

Answer 15

🌿Nocardiosis ➡️ Cavitary bronchopulmonary nocardiosis

🌿Cutaneous/subcutaneous nocardiosis
🌿A related group of non-acid-fast species are assigned to the genus Actinomadura, which includes the species Actinomadura madurae and A. pelletieri, common causes of Madura foot
بس ملاحظه هاد مرض madora fot بكون بسس related grom للnocardia رجوactinomycetes

Question 16

About Nocardiosis?
What is most common case whic species?

Answer 16

Cavitary bronchopulmonary nocardiosis
– Mostly N. asteroides
– Can be acute, subacute, chronic
– Symptoms: cough, fever, dyspnea, localized or diffuse pneumonia with cavitation and nodules
– May spread hematogenously to brain (brain abscesses)
–These respiratory symptoms are often similar to those seen in TB.

Question 17

About Cutaneous/subcutaneous nocardiosis?

What is most common case whic species?

Answer 17

Mostly N. brasiliensis
– Starts with traumatic implantation
– Symptoms: cellulitis with swelling can lead to draining subcutaneous
abscesses with granules (mycetoma or Madura foot )

Question 18

Nocardia Diagnosis is ?

Answer 18

✔️ Multiple high-density sheet shadows in both lungs along with nodules or cavities are the most common presentations of nocardiosis
✔️ A large pulmonary mass is considered to be rare.
✔️ There is no specificity in the clinical manifestation of the disease.
✔️ Therefore, isolation and identification of Nocardia strains is the only reliable diagnostic method.

Question 19

Differences between the genera Actinomyces israelii and Nocardia astroides?

Answer 19

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