Ch.5- The Roman Empire

Question 1

How did Rome develop?

Answer 1

From a collection of different cities that were built on different hills that joined together near the river Tiber

Question 2

How do we know so much about the Romans?

Answer 2

Because of the evidence at Pompeii in Herculaneum

Question 3

What happened to Pompeii?

Answer 3

In 79 AD the volcano mt. Vesuvius erupted and buried Pompeii in ashes and pumice. Herculaneum was covered in lava and mud.

Question 4

What were citizens?

Answer 4

Freeborn men and women who had the right to vote, work and travel

Question 5

What were the citizens divided into?

Answer 5

Patricians (Rich) and plebeians (poor)

Question 6

How was a patricians wealth shown?

Answer 6

By the number of slaves they owned

Question 7

Slaves:

Answer 7

Slaves were not free and had to wear an identity tag on them incase they escaped

Question 8

What did patricians do?

Answer 8

They directed work and some served as army generals or politicians

Question 9

What did plebeians do?

Answer 9

In shops or as tradesmen like carpenters, jewellers or bakers

Question 10

What did the less well off but still educated romans do?

Answer 10

They were doctors, architects and teachers

Question 11

How did people become slaves?

Answer 11

They could be captured in battle, bought and sold by traders, born into slavery or sentenced to slavery if you were a criminal

Question 12

What did slaves do?

Answer 12

They could be doctors, child carers, teachers or cooks depending on their skills. Or they could be sent to work in mines or quarries.

Question 13

Who were brought as tutors for rich kids?

Answer 13

Greek scholars

Question 14

How could a slave be freed?

Answer 14

After a certain period of time or if their master set them free in a manumission

Question 15

What was a manumission?

Answer 15

A ceremony marking a slaves freedom. They were touched with a vindicta and wore the cap of liberty.

Question 16

What was a rich roman house called?

Answer 16

A domus

Question 17

Describe a domus

Answer 17

It was one storey high. Behind the hall door there was an entrance area called an atrium with an open skylight and rainwater pond. The bedrooms and kitchen led off from the atrium. There was normally a walled garden at the back called a peristyle. Little furniture. Decorated beautifully with mosaics and murals. On the outside the walls had graffiti. Outside windows were small.

Question 18

What were murals?

Answer 18

Wall paintings

Question 19

What were mosaics?

Answer 19

Patterns or pictures of small tiles set into the floor

Question 20

Why were outside windows small?

Answer 20

To prevent break-ins

Question 21

How did private houses get their water supply?

Answer 21

By paying to have a lead pipe connected to the aqueduct system

Question 22

What was the aqueduct system?

Answer 22

It was a system that supplied the town with water from the mountains

Question 23

Where did most romans live?

Answer 23

In high rise flats called insulae- some flats could be 5 or 6 stories tall (the higher the flat the cheaper the rent), most had no running water or toilets, you climbed up on ladders, sewage and rubbish was thrown out the window onto the road, stepping stones were placed on the road so people could walk across the road.

Question 24

Describe mosaic making

Answer 24

Coloured stones placed in wet mortar, small area at time. Artists would visit rich roman houses with designs for mosaics and frescos and they would pick one.

Question 25

What were potters?

Answer 25

They were romans who made many red clay pots that would be sold in the local shops, market or the forum.

Question 26

Did the Romans discover the art of glass blowing?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What did glass blowing enable the romans to do?

Answer 27

Shape the glass into items such as glasses and bottles

Question 28

What was the forum?

Answer 28

The marketplace in the centre of rome

Question 29

What was the forum used for?

Answer 29

On every eighth day a market was held. People met friends here, brought wine, cheese, bread, meat, fruit and veg. Businessmen struck deals and citizens talked about the major political events of the day. A long straight road called the Via Sacra ran straight up the middle of the forum - the roman army marched up this following a battle win.

Question 30

What did romans eat for breakfast?

Answer 30

Bread with fruit and cheese being eaten at lunchtime

Question 31

When was the main meal served?

Answer 31

Around 5pm

Question 32

What did the main meal include for rich romans?

Answer 32

It had three separate courses that could last for hours. The starters were served first and could include things like dormice, oysters snd stuffed olives. The main courses were meat dishes like pig, boars head, ostrich and lobster. The dessert was honey cakes, dates, grapes and other fruit and nuts.

Question 33

How did rich romans dine?

Answer 33

They did not use knives and forks and they lay on long couches

Question 34

What did poor people eat for dinner?

Answer 34

They ate lentil and barley soup or meat stewed in dinner.

Question 35

What was dole?

Answer 35

When the government gave free grain to very poor people so they could make bread and porridge

Question 36

What did roman men wear?

Answer 36

They wore a loose short tunic just below the knee, tied at the waist by a belt. Tthey then wore a toga (large piece of cloth wrapped around shoulders) over the tunic when outside. They also wore leather sandals

Question 37

What did roman women wear?

Answer 37

A long tunic tied at the waist by a belt. They wore a palla (large cloth) outside and leather sandals

Question 38

What was the circus maximus?

Answer 38

The greatest venue for chariot racing in Rome.

Question 39

How many spectators could the circus maximus hold?

Answer 39

250,000

Question 40

Give five facts about the circus maximus?

Answer 40

• four teams in Rome: red, blue, white and green. Each team had supporters that wore their teams colours.
• the race had 7 laps around an oval track
• few rules -> crashes common
• charioteers strapped in so did not fall out at turns
• each charioteer carried a sharp knife so they could get free of wreckage

Question 41

Where were games held in Rome?

Answer 41

The colosseum

Question 42

What changed about the way people watched games?

Answer 42

They used to watch them in wooden stands but then large stone oval amphitheaters were built. The colosseum is the most impressive amphitheater in Rome.

Question 43

Give 8 facts about the colosseum?

Answer 43

• held 50,000 people
• used to stage gladiator fights
• gladiators usually slaves, criminals or men who owed money.
• sometimes gladiators were blindfolded or made fight wild animals
• the crowd often decided the fate of a gladiator: if they cheered he lived 🙂if they booed he died 😵
• the emperor then singled 👍🏻 and he lived or 👎🏻and he died
• if a gladiator won they would get money, their names would be written on walls and they would be treated like stars.

Question 44

Go to pg

Answer 44

51

Question 45

What did a gladiator receive after many victories?

Answer 45

Their freedom - on this occasion they were given a wooden sword to show that they no longer need to fight for their lives

Question 46

What did people go to the baths to do?

Answer 46

To relax, talk with friends and conduct buisness

Question 47

What was the frigidarium at the baths?

Answer 47

It was the cold room

Question 48

What was the tepidarium at the baths?

Answer 48

It was the warm room

Question 49

What was the caldarium in the baths?

Answer 49

The hot room

Question 50

What did the heated rooms have?

Answer 50

They had underfloor heating and wooden sandals had to be worn to avoid burning feet

Question 51

How did the romans clean themselves?

Answer 51

They rubbed oil on their skin and scraped it off withe the dead skin using a strigil (a wooden stick)

Question 52

What other facilities did the baths have?

Answer 52

They had an exercise area (a palestra) where you could play games like wrestling, discus throwing, running……. they also had barber shops, bars restaurants and libraries

Question 53

How was a young boy raised?

Answer 53

His mother raised him until he was 7. From then on boys accompanied their fathers and learned to be farmers, craftsmen or soldiers. Boys from rich families were sent to school to learn to read and write. Teenage boys from 12 on went to a grammar school and studies greek, history, geog, maths and also studies the works of Plato and Aristotle. Young mean also learned oratory

Question 54

How were young girls raised?

Answer 54

They were raised by their mothers until they were seven and then if their family was rich they would go to school to learn to read and write.

Question 55

What did children write on?

Answer 55

They wrote on wax tablets so it was easy to wipe out mistakes. School was very strict and children were often beaten if they didn’t learn their lessons.

Question 56

What did children do after school?

Answer 56

They were free to go to the baths or play games. They played with marbles or rolling hoops and sometimes used a pigs bladder blown up like a balloon to play football

Question 57

At what age would roman boys and girls get married at?

Answer 57

Girls: 12
Boys: 14

Question 58

Give a short account of a roman marriage

Answer 58

Roman children from rich families did not usually choose their marriage partner - they were usually arranged by their fathers to gain a business deal. It was customary for a boy to present his future bride with a type of engagement ring worn on the same finger as today (romans believed a special nerve leading to the heart ran through this fingers). The night before her wedding the girl would return her bulla to her father and give her toys to the other children in the family. This was a statement that her childhood was over and that she belonged to the other family

Question 59

What was a bulla?

Answer 59

A birth charm of gold or leather worn by children to keep away evil spirits

Question 60

What was a shrine?

Answer 60

It was a mini church where offerings to the many gods the romans believed in were made and placed next to statues of the gods

Question 61

What is one example of superstitions that the romans jad?

Answer 61

They believed they could tell the future by examining the weather and the behaviour of animals, like it was a good sign if a chicken was feeding well but it was a bad sign if if they were eating lightly. Bees were a good sign but a hooting owl was bad

Question 62

What are the 6 most important gods the romans worshiped?

Answer 62

• Jupiter -> king of the gods and protected roman empire
• Juno -> queen of the gods
• Mars -> god of war
• Venus -> god of love
• Neptune -> god of sea
• Mercury -> messenger of the gods

Question 63

What was a temple?

Answer 63

It was a place of worship for each of the gods. Jupiters temple was the most important. People went to ask for favours and left sacrifices of animals or money. The altar was outside the main entrance. Here sacrifices were made by a haruspex (priest) on holy days. If the liver looked like it was unhealthy it was a sign the gods were angry