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AP Government > Ch.5 interest groups > Flashcards

Ch.5 interest groups Flashcards

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0
Q

Pluralism with interest groups

A

Competition between groups over who gets more attention and influence
many groups is better than a few

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1
Q

What are interest groups?

A

Modern day equivalent of faction

Pluralism

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2
Q

Social movement

A

Group of people with common idea/goal but are just expressing it not looking for political influence

Can transition into interest groups

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3
Q

Labor interest groups

A

Mainly focus on industrial work, better pay, conditions/benefits, competition

Focus on policy not lawmakers

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4
Q

NAFTA

A

North American free trade agreement
Caused fear of movement of jobs to Mexico
Labor very opposed to this

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5
Q

As a country we are _______ unionized but have _______ influence

A

We are less unionized but have more influence and more involved labor unions

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6
Q

AFL-CIO

A

Biggest labor union currently

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7
Q

Skilled v unskilled

A

Skilled workers=specialized and therefore more valuable and have more influenced

Unskilled=jobs anyone could do

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8
Q

Closed v open shop

A

Right to work laws

Closed only hire union members

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9
Q

Free riders

A

Reap benefits of group without belonging or contributing

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10
Q

Unions tend to vote

A

Democratic

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11
Q

Business interest groups

A

Regulations

Focus on laws and lawmakers

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12
Q

Small businesses

A

Govt agency

Minimum wage
Health care

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13
Q

Small business jobs act

A

$42 billion legislation
Pretty effective
Sept 2010

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14
Q

Trade associations

A

Group of similar businesses

Example: Chamber of Commerce

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15
Q

Professional association

A

Similar to labor unions but members are more educated
AMA-American medical assn, etc
Biggest issue-standards

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16
Q

Litigations

A

Using the courts

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17
Q

Ideological/ single interest

A

Open to everyone

Similar to Public Interest groups except have more political action

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18
Q

Public interest groups

A

American heart association
More about awareness than action
More like business or research groups

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19
Q

Ralph Nader

A

Ran a public interest research group in the 70s an 80s

Researched stuff like Ford Pinto

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20
Q

Foreign policy interest groups

A

AIPAC (Israel)

One of the most powerful ones ↖️

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21
Q

Public sector/governmental interest group

A

Intergovernment lobbying

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22
Q

NGO (non governmental organizations)

A

Green peace, UNICEF, Amnesty International

Do a lot of the same stuff with same goals; can be lumped into other categories usually

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23
Q

Effectiveness

A 
Size 
Spread 
Resources
Cohesiveness
Organizational structure
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24
Q

Cohesiveness

A

Small number of leadership
Hundreds of involved/dedicated workers
Thousands of unreliable/hangers on, includes free riders, lip service

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25
Q

Amicus curiae brief

A

Written opinion of a case by a group not involved in the case
“Friend of the court”

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26
Q

Techniques

A 
How you get what you want
Litigations-EX: NAACP(colored people)
Lobbying-NRA
Both-ACLU
Grass roots-tea party&environment groups
27
Q

What is grass roots

A

Technique to get people elected by appealing to the public

28
Q

Tea party

A

Off shoot of Republican Party

Endorses republicans who tend to be to the far right

29
Q

Money

A

PACs and Super PACs sole purpose is to spend money

Internet=big tool for ads

30
Q

Interest group to political party

A

If you make this transition and fail it’s hard to go back

31
Q

Coalition building

A

Bork nomination-liberal groups banded together to kill Supreme Court nomination for a very unpopular guy

32
Q

Revolving door

A

You leave office-go to lobbying firm in Washington

From political job to lobbyist

33
Q

Iron triangle

A

Relatively permanent

Congress➡️bureaucracy➡️interest group ⬆️

34
Q

Issue network

A

More public

Same relationship but aren’t permanent

35
Q

Political v substantive information

A

Political is more about politicians

Substantive information is more about public, about the law itself

36
Q

Net neutrality

A

You can’t slow down shows based on what people watch

37
Q

Interest groups are often called

A

The third house of congress

38
Q

PAC connected v nonconnected

A

Connected-require membership and are very regulates (labor union PACs)
Non connected-can get money from anyone

39
Q

Number of PACs

A

4600 or more

40
Q

Cope

A

PAC for education, don’t do as much $ but do a lot of lobbying

41
Q

RPAC

A

Realtors

Often spend most $ among PACs

42
Q

Leadership PACs

A

Formed by congressmen for the benefit of other congress men

Self serving because can manipulate the people they help get elected

43
Q

Incumbent

A

People who are already in office

Gonna get more money on reelection if race is going to be close

44
Q

Evolution of campaign finance

Pre 1971

A

Limits-corporate donations, candidate spending, and required disclosure

At state level was poorly enforced

45
Q

1971

A 
FECA (federal election campaign act)
Full reporting of all donations and spending
Limits on advertising money
Led to the establishment of PACs
Public financing
46
Q

Public financing

A

Tax money given to presidents for campaign
Not many presidents use it
Many citizens don’t like it

47
Q

1974 evolution of campaign finance

A

FEC-matching funds for public financing
No self funding
Further cemented limits on contributions and expenditures

48
Q

1976 evolution of campaign finance

A

Buckley v Valeo-argued limits intruded on first amendment

  • contribution limits fine
  • spending limits not okay
  • self funding is fine
  • corp/union PACs couldn’t donate to labor union PACs without joining labor union
49
Q

2002 evolution of campaign finance

A

Bipartisan campaign reform act (BCRA)
Aka McCain-Feingold Act
-no soft money for political party
-no electioneering ads

50
Q

Soft money

A

Undocumented money to political party(not candidate silly)

51
Q

Electioneering ads

A

Ads that came out within 30 days of primary and 60 days before general election that advocates a candidate or a candidates defeat

52
Q

McConnel v FEC

A

SCOTUS upheld BCRA law-said it limited free speech but stopped corruption and created fair elections so constitutional

53
Q

Citizens united v FEC

A 
2010 Hilary the movie 
SCOTUS said BCRA is unconstitutional
"Corp as artificial persons" can't have free speech limited
No limits-independent expenditures 
SUPER PACS
54
Q

Independent expenditures

A

Interest groups can do what they want as long as it’s independent of campaign

55
Q

Speechnow.org v FEC

A

-independent expenditure PACs-unlimited as long as independent of campaign
Must register with FEC
EVERYTHING COULD BE UNLIMITED

56
Q

Soft money

A

Outlaws by McCain Feingold
Exists in someways still but isn’t called this as much
Used for things that don’t directly benefit candidate

57
Q

Independent expenditures

A

Can advocate for or against someone

Can tell people to vote/elect or not vote/elect

58
Q

Issue advocacy

A

No “vote” or “elect”—-MAIN DIFFERENCE between this and ind. exp.
Can attack candidates but can’t say it

59
Q

Tax exempt

A

527s
501c

Names come from IRS code

60
Q

527

A

Can not specifically mention candidates

61
Q

501c4

A 
Public interest groups 
Mainly issue ads
Seek to inform public
Can't mention candidates
Dark money-don't have to disclose money sources
Big spenders
62
Q

501c6

A

Lobbying

NFL is one

63
Q

Quid pro quo

A

You scratch my back I’ll scratch yours

64
Q

Problems with interest groups and PACs

A

Quid pro quo
Incumbency
Anonymity

65
Q

Things that help keep govt non corrupt

A 
Pluralism 
Media 
Congress-make campaign finance reforms 
Courts-essentially no rules
FEC can go after specific people
66
Q

Dark money

A

Do not have to disclose donor

AP Government (7 decks)

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