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AP Government > Ch.5 interest groups > Flashcards

Ch.5 interest groups Flashcards

0
Q

Pluralism with interest groups

A

Competition between groups over who gets more attention and influence
many groups is better than a few

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1
Q

What are interest groups?

A

Modern day equivalent of faction

Pluralism

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2
Q

Social movement

A

Group of people with common idea/goal but are just expressing it not looking for political influence

Can transition into interest groups

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3
Q

Labor interest groups

A

Mainly focus on industrial work, better pay, conditions/benefits, competition

Focus on policy not lawmakers

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4
Q

NAFTA

A

North American free trade agreement
Caused fear of movement of jobs to Mexico
Labor very opposed to this

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5
Q

As a country we are _______ unionized but have _______ influence

A

We are less unionized but have more influence and more involved labor unions

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6
Q

AFL-CIO

A

Biggest labor union currently

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7
Q

Skilled v unskilled

A

Skilled workers=specialized and therefore more valuable and have more influenced

Unskilled=jobs anyone could do

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8
Q

Closed v open shop

A

Right to work laws

Closed only hire union members

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9
Q

Free riders

A

Reap benefits of group without belonging or contributing

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10
Q

Unions tend to vote

A

Democratic

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11
Q

Business interest groups

A

Regulations

Focus on laws and lawmakers

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12
Q

Small businesses

A

Govt agency

Minimum wage
Health care

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13
Q

Small business jobs act

A

$42 billion legislation
Pretty effective
Sept 2010

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14
Q

Trade associations

A

Group of similar businesses

Example: Chamber of Commerce

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15
Q

Professional association

A

Similar to labor unions but members are more educated
AMA-American medical assn, etc
Biggest issue-standards

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16
Q

Litigations

A

Using the courts

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17
Q

Ideological/ single interest

A

Open to everyone

Similar to Public Interest groups except have more political action

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18
Q

Public interest groups

A

American heart association
More about awareness than action
More like business or research groups

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19
Q

Ralph Nader

A

Ran a public interest research group in the 70s an 80s

Researched stuff like Ford Pinto

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20
Q

Foreign policy interest groups

A

AIPAC (Israel)

One of the most powerful ones ↖️

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21
Q

Public sector/governmental interest group

A

Intergovernment lobbying

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22
Q

NGO (non governmental organizations)

A

Green peace, UNICEF, Amnesty International

Do a lot of the same stuff with same goals; can be lumped into other categories usually

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23
Q

Effectiveness

A 
Size 
Spread 
Resources
Cohesiveness
Organizational structure
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24
Cohesiveness
Small number of leadership Hundreds of involved/dedicated workers Thousands of unreliable/hangers on, includes free riders, lip service
25
Amicus curiae brief
Written opinion of a case by a group not involved in the case "Friend of the court"
26
Techniques
``` How you get what you want Litigations-EX: NAACP(colored people) Lobbying-NRA Both-ACLU Grass roots-tea party&environment groups ```
27
What is grass roots
Technique to get people elected by appealing to the public
28
Tea party
Off shoot of Republican Party | Endorses republicans who tend to be to the far right
29
Money
PACs and Super PACs sole purpose is to spend money | Internet=big tool for ads
30
Interest group to political party
If you make this transition and fail it's hard to go back
31
Coalition building
Bork nomination-liberal groups banded together to kill Supreme Court nomination for a very unpopular guy
32
Revolving door
You leave office-go to lobbying firm in Washington From political job to lobbyist
33
Iron triangle
Relatively permanent Congress➡️bureaucracy➡️interest group ⬆️
34
Issue network
More public | Same relationship but aren't permanent
35
Political v substantive information
Political is more about politicians | Substantive information is more about public, about the law itself
36
Net neutrality
You can't slow down shows based on what people watch
37
Interest groups are often called
The third house of congress
38
PAC connected v nonconnected
Connected-require membership and are very regulates (labor union PACs) Non connected-can get money from anyone
39
Number of PACs
4600 or more
40
Cope
PAC for education, don't do as much $ but do a lot of lobbying
41
RPAC
Realtors | Often spend most $ among PACs
42
Leadership PACs
Formed by congressmen for the benefit of other congress men Self serving because can manipulate the people they help get elected
43
Incumbent
People who are already in office | Gonna get more money on reelection if race is going to be close
44
Evolution of campaign finance | Pre 1971
Limits-corporate donations, candidate spending, and required disclosure At state level was poorly enforced
45
1971
``` FECA (federal election campaign act) Full reporting of all donations and spending Limits on advertising money Led to the establishment of PACs Public financing ```
46
Public financing
Tax money given to presidents for campaign Not many presidents use it Many citizens don't like it
47
1974 evolution of campaign finance
FEC-matching funds for public financing No self funding Further cemented limits on contributions and expenditures
48
1976 evolution of campaign finance
Buckley v Valeo-argued limits intruded on first amendment - contribution limits fine - spending limits not okay - self funding is fine - corp/union PACs couldn't donate to labor union PACs without joining labor union
49
2002 evolution of campaign finance
Bipartisan campaign reform act (BCRA) Aka McCain-Feingold Act -no soft money for political party -no electioneering ads
50
Soft money
Undocumented money to political party(not candidate silly)
51
Electioneering ads
Ads that came out within 30 days of primary and 60 days before general election that advocates a candidate or a candidates defeat
52
McConnel v FEC
SCOTUS upheld BCRA law-said it limited free speech but stopped corruption and created fair elections so constitutional
53
Citizens united v FEC
``` 2010 Hilary the movie SCOTUS said BCRA is unconstitutional "Corp as artificial persons" can't have free speech limited No limits-independent expenditures SUPER PACS ```
54
Independent expenditures
Interest groups can do what they want as long as it's independent of campaign
55
Speechnow.org v FEC
-independent expenditure PACs-unlimited as long as independent of campaign Must register with FEC EVERYTHING COULD BE UNLIMITED
56
Soft money
Outlaws by McCain Feingold Exists in someways still but isn't called this as much Used for things that don't directly benefit candidate
57
Independent expenditures
Can advocate for or against someone | Can tell people to vote/elect or not vote/elect
58
Issue advocacy
No "vote" or "elect"----MAIN DIFFERENCE between this and ind. exp. Can attack candidates but can't say it
59
Tax exempt
527s 501c Names come from IRS code
60
527
Can not specifically mention candidates
61
501c4
``` Public interest groups Mainly issue ads Seek to inform public Can't mention candidates Dark money-don't have to disclose money sources Big spenders ```
62
501c6
Lobbying | NFL is one
63
Quid pro quo
You scratch my back I'll scratch yours
64
Problems with interest groups and PACs
Quid pro quo Incumbency Anonymity
65
Things that help keep govt non corrupt
``` Pluralism Media Congress-make campaign finance reforms Courts-essentially no rules FEC can go after specific people ```
66
Dark money
Do not have to disclose donor

AP Government (7 decks)

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