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CHEMISTRY F4 > CH5 > Flashcards

CH5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition Of Chemical Bond

A

Bond formed between 2 or more atoms that share or transfer electrons to form a compound

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2
Q

Formation of Ionic Bond
(use NaCl as guidance, Proton num of Na=11, Cl=17)
10m

A

Sodium atom has an electron arrangement of 2.8.1
Chlorine Atom has an electron arrangement of 2.8.7
Sodium atoms donates 1 electron to form Sodium ion with +1 charge to achieve stable octet electron arrangement
Chlorine atoms receive 1 electron to form Chlorine ion with -1 charge to achieve stable electron arrangement

5&6th Marks on half equation must have charge and electrons
7&8th marks on Drawing must have box,charge,symbol and name

Sodium ion & Chlorine ion are attracted to each another by a strong electrostatic force of attraction
An ionic compound NaCl is formed

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3
Q

Definition Of Ionic Bond

A

Chemical bond formed when Metal atom and non-metal atoms transfer electron to achieve stable duplet or octet electron arrangement

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4
Q

Definition Of Covalent Bond

A

Chemical bond formed when non-metal atoms share electron to achieve stable octet or duplet electron arrangement

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5
Q

3 Types of covalent Bond

A

SIngle bond
double bond
triple bond

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6
Q

Formation of covalent bond
(H20 as guidance, Num of Proton H=1, O=8)
8 m

A

Hydrogen atom has an electron arrangement of 1
Oxygen atom has an electron arrangement of 2.6
Hydrogen atoms have 1 valence electrons and need 1 electron to achieve stable duplet electron arrangement
Oxygen atom have 6 valence electrons and need 2 electrons to achieve stable electron arrangement
Each hydrogen atom contributes 1 electron for sharing
Oxygen atom contribute 2 electrons for sharing
2 Hydrogen atoms each share 1 pair of electron with 1 Oxygen atom to form covalent compound with formula H20

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7
Q

Definition of Hydrogen Bond

A

Forces of attraction between a Hydrogen atom that is chemically bonded to an atom of high electronegativity with a Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen atom in another molecule

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8
Q

Formation of Hydrogen Bond between Ammonia gas

A

Ammonia molecule consist of one Nitrogen atom that form covalent bond with 3 Hydrogen atom
Forces of attraction between Hydrogen atom in an Ammonia Molecule with Nitrogen atom in another Ammonia molecule form hydrogen Bond

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9
Q

Comparison of Melting/Boiling Point between molecules that form hydrogen bond vs not form hydrogen bond

A

X Molecules are attracted to each another by weak van der Waals forces of attraction and does not form Hydrogen bond
Less Heat energy is required to only overcome weak van der waals force of attraction
Lower melting/boiling point

Y molecule form Hydrogen bond with each another besides attract each another by weak van der Waals force of attraction
More heat energy is required to break Hydrogen bond besides overcome weak van der Waals forces of attraction
Higher melting/boiling point

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10
Q

Explains solubility of HF in water

A

HF Molecule consists of 1 Hydrogen atom that form covalent bond with 1 Fluorine atom
Hydrogen atoms in HF molecule form hydrogen bond with Oxygen atom in Water molecule
Hydrogen atoms in water form Hydrogen bond with Fluorine atom in HF molecule
HF is soluble in water

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11
Q

Definition Of Dative Bond

A

A type of covalent bond where the electron pair shared come from one atom only

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12
Q

Formation of dative bond in H3O+

A

Hydrogen Ions does not have any electron in the shell
Oxygen atom of Water Molecules have a lone pair of electron
Oxygen atom share its lone pair of electron through the formation of dative bond
In Hydroxonium ion, all Hydrogen and Oxygen atom has achieved stable octet or duplet electron arrangement

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13
Q

Formation of Metallic Bond

A

Valence electrons of metal atoms are easily donated and delocalised in solid state
Positively-charged metal ions are formed when electrons are delocalised
All delocalised electrons moves freely within the metal structure and form a sea of electron
Electrostatic forces of attraction between sea of electron and positively-charged metal ions form Metallic bond

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14
Q

How metal conducts electricity

A

Valence electrons of metal atoms are easily donated and delocalised in solid state
Positively-charged metal ions are formed when electrons are delocalised
All delocalised electrons moves freely within the metal structure and form a sea of electron
Delocalised electron that moves freely between the metal structure carry the charges from negative terminal to positive terminal when electricity is supplied

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15
Q

Electrical conductivity of Ionic compound in solid state

A

Ions cannot moves freely because they are tied by strong electrostatic forces of attraction
Cannot conduct electricity

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16
Q

Electrical conductivity of Ionic compound in molten state or aqeuous solution

A

Ions moves freely because strong electrostatic forces of attractions is overcomed
Conduct electricity

17
Q

Electrical conductivity of Covalent compound in

A

Covalent compound exist as molecule that is neutral and do not carry charges
Does not conduct electricity

18
Q

Solubility of Ionic compound in Water

A

Water molecules helps to overcome strong forces of attraction between ions
Soluble in water

19
Q

Solubility of Ionic compound in Organic solvents

A

Organic solvent cannot overcome strong electrostatic forces of attraction between ions in solid state
Insoluble in organic solvents

20
Q

Melting & Boiling point of ionic compound

A

Ionic compound consists of negative ions and positive ion that are attracted to each another by a strong electrostatic force of attraction
More heat energy is required to overcome the strong force of attraction
High melting/boiling point

21
Q

Common state of matter, Van der Waals forces of attraction and Melting/Boiling point of Simple covalent molecule

A

Gas,Liquid,Solid
Have Van der Waals forces of attraction
Lower Melting and boiling point

22
Q

Common state of matter, Van der Waals forces of attraction and Melting/Boiling point of giant covalent molecule

A

Solid
Dont have VDW Foa
High melting and boiling point

CHEMISTRY F4 (6 decks)

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