Ch.4 stuff Flashcards
What is mutualism?
When 2 species benefit from each other
What’s amensalism?
One population harms another but remains unaffected
What’s commensalism?
One organism benefits while other is unaffected
What’s neutralism?
When neither organism is affected in any way
What’s parasitism?
When one organism benefits while harming the other
Microbiome definition?
All prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that are associated with a certain organism
Low g+c gram positive bacteria means?
Bacteria have less than 50% of guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
What does high g+c gram positive bacteria mean?
More than 50% of guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
What are the gram negative bacteria classes?
Proteobacteria
Nonproteobacteria
Phototrophic
Types of proteobacteria?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsil
Characteristic of alphaproteobacteria?
Capable of living in low nutrient environments
Intracellular pathogens
Examples of alphaproteobacteria
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
What can chlamydia cause?
trachoma
Pnumonia
What can rickettsia cause?
Rocky mountain fever
Caused by ticks
What are betaproteobacteria?
Eutrophs
Meaning they need a copious amount of nutrients
Genus: Neisseria
What are some diseases of betaproteobacteria from genus Neisseria?
N. meningitis
N. gonnorhea
Characteristics of gammaproteobacteria
Largest and most diverse
Many are human pathogens that are aerobes or anaerobes
What are Coliforms (gamma)?
Can ferment lactose with production of acid and gas
An example is e.coli
What are noncoliforms? (gamma)
Cannot comppletelyferment lactose
Can produce either acid OR gas
Ex: salmonella
True or false: Salmonella has over 2000 serovars?
True
What are deltaproteobacteria?
Able to reduce sulfate or elemental sulfur
AKA slime bacteria
Ex: desulfovibrio orale
Myxobacterium
What are epsilproteobacteria?
Make up smallest group of proteobacteria
Examples: Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Campylobacter
*Espil
C. jejuni
This cause food poisoning
Helicobacter
H. pylori
*epsil
causes stomach problem type of stuff
3 classes of nonproteobacteria
Spirochetes
CFB group
Plantomycetes
Spirochetes
Treponemia: syphilis
*nonproteo
CFB group
*type of nonproteo bacteria Fusobacterium. necrophorum
causes throat stuff
Phototrophic
Cyanobacteria: Critical in oxygenation of atmosphere
What are the gram positive ones?
High g+c
Low g+c
What’s a high g+c example
Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria examples
*high G+C
Actinomyces: gum disease
Mycobacterium: tubercolosis and leprosy
Corynebacterium: c. diptheriae
Examples of low g+c
Clostridium: tetanus
Lactobacillus: Probiotic
streptococcus: strep throat
Bacillus: Food poisoning
Staphylococcus: MRSA
