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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Human Microbiome Project

A

Goal was to determine makeup of typical micribiota of various parts of body
Also tried understanding relationship between microbiome and human diseases

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2
Q

Who created the 3 domains based on cellular respiration?

A

Carl Woese in 1978
Came up with Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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2
Q

Who established system of naming organisms?

A

Carolus Linnaeus
1735

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3
Q

Bacteria characteristics

A

Divide by binary fission
Single celled
Prokaryotes

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4
Q

Archaea characteristics

A

Are prokaryotes
Lack peptidogycan cell walls
Don’t cause human disease

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5
Q

Fungi characteristics

A

Eukaryotes
Chitin cell walls
Absorb organic chemicals for energy

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6
Q

Protozoa characteristics

A

Eukaryotes
Free living or parasitic
Reproduce sexually or asexually

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7
Q

Who discovered cells

A

Robert Hooke
1665
Marked beginning of cell theory

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8
Q

Who discovered the first microbes?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
1623-1673

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9
Q

What’s spontaneous generation?

A

Some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter
AKA things magically appeared

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10
Q

What did Francesco Redi do?

A

Did expirement with jars and decaying meat
Demonstrated that the maggots did NOT arise spontaneously

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10
Q

What did John Needham do?

A

He put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks
Found microbial growth
Case for spontaneous generation was strengthened

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10
Q

What did Lazzaro Spallanzi do?

A

He did what Needham did, except he boiled the broth while being covered
Observed no microbial growth

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11
Q

What did Rudolph Virchow do?

A

Came up with biogenisis concept
Could not provide any scientific proof for this

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12
Q

What’s biogenisis?

A

Cells could only arise from pre-existing cells

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13
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do?

A

Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air
Used S- shaped flasks
Discovered that microbes are responsible for fermentation
Discovered pasteurization

14
Q

What did the S shaped flask allow for?

A

Allowed for airflow to go in and out but not the microbes

14
Q

Pasteurization is?

A

Application of high heat for a short time to kill bacteria in beverages

15
Q

What is fermentation?

A

The microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in absence of air

16
Q

What’s the germ theory of disease?

A

Microorganisms cause diseases

17
Q

Who advocated for handwashing to prevent fever from going to patient to patient?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

18
Q

What did Joseph Lister do?

A

Used a chemical antiseptic (phenol) to prevent surgical wound infections

19
Q

What did Robert Koch do?

A

Discovered bacteria that causes anthrax

20
Q

Who created vaccinations?

A

Edward Jenner

21
Q

What did Paul Ehrlich do?

A

Developed something to treat syphilis

22
Q

Who discovered the first antibiotic?

A

Alexander fleming
Discovered penicillin

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (8 decks)

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