Ch.4 Seperating Mixtures Flashcards
Physical change:
: no change in particles, just
the particle arrangement and energy, easy to
reverse e.g. mixing water and salt
Chemical change:
: A chemical reaction takes
place and a new substance is formed, very
difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match
During a chemical reaction…?
During a chemical reaction … the atoms
rearrange to form a new substance. Might be
seen by colour change, temperature
change, light being emitted or bubbles.
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble
solids (do not dissolve in a liquid)
from a liquid by using filter paper
and a funnel to trap the solids. E.g.
sand and water.
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids
(dissolve in liquids) from a
solution by evaporating off the
liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt
water.
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with
different boiling points such as
alcohol (boils at 78°) and water
(boils at 100 °). Also used to
separate a soluble solid from a
liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure
sample of each.
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of
dissolved substances in a
solution. E.g. the different
colours in a black marker.
heat energy
In order for a substance to change
state (from a solid to a liquid, or
liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy
latent heat
As a substance changes state, it
uses latent heat. There is no change
to temperature, but the state of the
material changes.
melting point
The melting point is when both the solid and
liquid state exist together (changing from a
solid to a liquid).
boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is when
evaporation begins to happen throughout the
liquid (changing from a liquid to a gas).
Condensation.
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a
liquid.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an
area of high concentration to an area of low
concentratione.g. spray perfume in one corner
of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the
room
Plasma
Plasma is the fourth state of matter, like gas,
but can conduct electricity.
