Ch.4 Pollutants And Cancer

Question 1

Benign tumor cell development

Answer 1

1. Abnormal growth of cells enclosed by a capsule ( not yet cancer cells)
2. Remain in one location

Question 2

Malignant tumor cell development

Answer 2

Masses of cancer cells that invade body tissues and interfere with the normal functioning of tissues and organs

Question 3

Types of cancer

Answer 3

1. Carcinomas
   - > comprise most adult cancers
   - > cancer that arose from epithelial tissues
   - > Tissues that lines and covers internal and external body surfaces (e.g. Lungs, oral, skins, colon, etc )
2. Sarcomas
3. Leukemias
4. Lymphomas

Question 4

Risk factors of cancer

Answer 4

1. Chemicals in cigarettes smoke
2. Viral infection
   - > human papilloma virus can be responsible for cervical cancer
3. Pollution ( chemical carcinogens)
   - > formaldehyde, heavy metal, DDT
4. Radiation
   - > ionizing radiations
   - > UV radiation

Question 5

Diagnosis 診斷 of cancer

Answer 5

1. Diagnostic image
   - > X-rays
2. Endoscopy
   - > flexible plastic tube with a camera
3. Biopsy
   - > small tissue sample under a microscope to look for cancerous cells

Question 6

Treatment of cancer

Answer 6

1. Surgery
   - > remove of a localised cancer away from noncancerous tissue
2. Radiotherapy
   - > remove localised cancer
   - > healthy cells removers faster than cancer cells
   e. g. X-ray, Gamma rays
3. Chemotherapy
   - > use of anti cancer drugs to inhibit cancer cell reproduction or to distort cancer cells
   - > cause side effects
4. Photodynamic therapy

Question 7

Cancer Prevention

Answer 7

1. Choose most of the foods you eat from plant sources, 5 or more servings
2. Limit intake of high fat foods, particularly from animal sources
3. Be physically active
4. Limit alcohol