Ch.2a Structure And Functions Of Systems In Human Body

Question 1

Organisation of human body

Answer 1

1. Cells
2. Tissues
3. Organs
4. Organ system

5, Human body

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms

Question 3

Tissues

Answer 3

Similar cells growing together to perform a common function

Question 4

Organ

Answer 4

Made up of two or more tissues to perform a specific task

Question 5

Parts of digestive system

Answer 5

1. Esophagus
2. Stomach
3. Small intestine
4. Large intestine

Question 6

Structural parts of neuron and transmission pathway

Answer 6

Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites ( highly branched divers, send signals towards the cell body) and an axon ( long fiber, send signals away from the cell body)

At chemical synaptic synapses, neurotransmitter cross the synaptic cleft to bind to receptors on the surface of the receiving cell

Question 7

Drugs act at synapses

Answer 7

1. Opiates 鴉片
2. Nicotine
3. Caffeine

Question 8

Effects of Alzheimer’s disease (MC)

Answer 8

Decline in cognitive and intellectual function such as memory, comprehension, learning capacity, the ability to take and calculate

Question 9

Types of joints

Answer 9

1. Ball and socket joint
   - > Join limbs to trunk
   e. g. Your shoulder
2. Hinge joint
   - > knee and elbow
3. Pivot joint
   Allow rotation
   e.g. Rotate forearm and hands from elbow

Question 10

Disease of joints ( mc)

Answer 10

Rheumatoid arthritis

-> immune system attacks joints and other tissues

Question 11

What is the function of tendons? ( MC)

Answer 11

Muscles and bones are connected by tendons

Question 12

Mechanism of respiratory system

Answer 12

Inhalation:

• > Rib cage expands
• > Diaphragm contracts and pull downwards
• > Decrease air pressure and pull air into the lungs
• > negative pressure breathing

Exhalation:
Rib cage constricts and diaphragm muscle rises

Question 13

Effects of smoking

Answer 13

1. Lung cancer
2. Chronic bronchitis
3. Increased risk of coronary heart disease

Question 14

Function of Circulatory system

Answer 14

1. Gain nutrients ( glucose, minerals, etc)
2. Exchange gases ( oxygen and carbon dioxide)
3. Shed waste products

Question 15

*** Double circulation

Answer 15

Pulmonary circuit:
-> carries blood between the heart and gas exchange tissues in lungs

-> right ventricle pumps blood to lungs only

Systemic circuit:
-> carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body

-> pumping of blood by left ventricle allows a more vigorous blood flow to body tissue

Question 16

Cardiovascular system: Arteries and veins

Answer 16

Arteries:
-> Have very thick elastic and muscular layers in their walls

-> carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues

Veins:
-> Have thinner elastic and muscle layers in their walls to withstand the high blood pressure

• > Have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
• > venues coverage into vein and return blood to the heart

Question 17

Reason of having heart attack

Answer 17

Damage or death of cardiac muscle as a result of blockage of one or more coronary arteries

Question 18

Risk factors pf cardiovascular disease

Answer 18

1. Cigarettes smoking
2. Uncontrolled and persistent high blood pressure
3. Heavy alcohol use
4. Diabetes mellitus
5. Family history of CAD

Question 19

How to prevent cardiovascular diseases

Answer 19

1. Healthy diet
   - > eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables and fewer processed foods
   - > eating foods low in saturated fats, trans fat, sugar and high in fiber
   - > limiting salt in your diet also can lower your blood pressure
2. Physical Activity
   - > 2.5 hours of moderate intensity exercise every week
3. No Smoking
   - > increase your risk for heart disease
4. Limited Alcohol
   - > Drinking too much alcohol raise your blood pressure