Ch.4 Memory Flashcards
Memory
Is an active information processing system that receives, stores, organises and recovers information
Encoding
Is converting information to a usable form so that it can be entered and stored
Storage
Is retaining information in memory over time
Retrieval
Is locating and recovering the stored information from memory when needed so that we can use it
Short term memory
Stores a limited amount of information entering from sensory memory or retrieval from LTM for a short period of time unless the information is rehearsed
12-20 seconds
Long term memory
Used for permanent storage of an unlimited amount of information
Echoic memory
Is auditory sensory memory. It stores sounds for 3 to 4 seconds and is has an important role in language comprehension
Iconic memory
Is visual sensory memory. Images last in iconic memory for about on third of a second.
Atkinson-Shriffrin model
Sensory input —–> Sensory memory—Attention–> Short term memory—Encoding–> Long term memory
Chunking
Is grouping data together to make it easier to remember
Savings score
Time taken for original learning _ Time taken for relearning / Time taken for original learning
Amnesia
Is a temporary or permanent, partial or total loss of memory
Brain trauma
Damage inflicted through injury which interferes with functioning
Anterograde amnesia
A form of memory loss for events that happen after an amnesia causing event
Retrograde amnesia
A form of memory loss for events occurring before and amnesia causing event
Dementia
A brain illness that progressively kills brain cells and result in irreversible structural changes that lead to severe cognitive loss
Alzheimer’s disease
An irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease that gradually kills brain cells, causing sever cognitive and behavioural decline
Implicit memory
A LTM of learnt actions and skills that we store in LTM and retrieve unconsciously
Procedural memory
A type of implicit LTM for learnt actions and skills that can be expressed as actions
Explicit memory
A LTM of events and factual information that can be intentionally and consciously recalled
Declarative memory
A type of explicit LTM for factual information that can be expressed in words
Semantic memory
A type of declarative memory for impersonal factual knowledge about the world
Episodic memory
A type of declarative memory for personally significant events associated with specific times and places
Free recall
Recalling information from memory in any order with no cues for assistance
Serial recall
Recalling information from memory in the order that it was learnt, with no cues for assistance
Cued recall
Recalling information from memory with some cues for assistance
Maintenance rehearsal
Involves repetition of information a number of times so it can be held in short term memory
Elaborative rehearsal
Involves linking new information in some meaningful way with information already stored in LTM, or with other pieces of new information so it can be held in short term memory
