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Bio139 Test 1 > CH4(lec3) Histology > Flashcards

CH4(lec3) Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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2
Q

4 Type of Tissue

A

Epithelial 2)connective 3) muscles 4)nervous

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue Functions

A

Protection; selective permeability; secretion; sensations

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4
Q

Cellularity Epithelial

A

Lots of cell (can look like one layer)

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5
Q

avascularity

A

Lack of blood supply

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6
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue(6)

A

Has cellularity 2) Polarity 3) Attaches to basement membrane 4) Avascularity 5) Innervation 6) High regenerative/reproduce capacity

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7
Q

Structure of Epithelial Tissue

A

1) Rest on Connective tissue and on top of basement membrane

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8
Q

Apical surface

A

Free surface

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9
Q

Basal surface

A

Attachment deeper

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10
Q

Basement Membrane components in order top to bot

A

Basal lamina and Reticular Lamina

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11
Q

Type of intercellular Junctions

A

1) Tight junctions 2) adhering junction 3) desmosomes 4) Gap junctions

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12
Q

Tight Junctions Characteristics

A

Held together Very closely 2) cells attach via membrane proteins at APICAL surface

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13
Q

Adhering junction

A

1) Has a adhesion belt 2) Deep to tight junction 3) Not as close as tight junction

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14
Q

Desmosomes

A

Made from Micro proteins and intermediate filaments anchored into PLAQUE only at a stress point

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15
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Half - desmosome - attached to the basement membrane

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16
Q

Gap junction

A

Gap is formed between cells by proteins called CONNEXONS(6 connexons form a pore between cells and allow for RAPID communication between adjacent cells (IE heart so it contracts at the same time)

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17
Q

Simple vs Stratified vs Pseudo stratified (epithelial cells)

A

Simple - 1 layer Stratified more than on layer or Pseudostratrified looks stratified but it is not

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18
Q

4 Shape of epithelial

A

Squamous 2) cuboidal 3) columnar 4) Transitional

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19
Q

Which cells do we make classification of shape on

A

Outermost

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20
Q

Squamous shape

A

Flat; Wide

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21
Q

Cuboidal shape

A

Similar height & width

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22
Q

Columnar shape

A

Taller than wide

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23
Q

Transition shape

A

Changes shape

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24
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium is Found in

A

LUNGS; lining of alveoli; blood vessels(endothelium) serous cavities(mesothelium)

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25
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Found where

A

Kidney tubules

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26
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium(non-ciliated) Found where and properties

A

In the digestive tract has microvilli (brush border) can have goblet cells

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27
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Properties and Types

A

Outer layer is flat other layers are cuboidal or columnar. The basal layer has stem cells(can rapidly divide) Keratin and Non keratinized(protective protein)

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28
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinized) Location/Properties

A

Epidermis(outer layer skin) outer cell fill with keratin and die flaking off (dry)(color change and space)

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29
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinized) Property and location

A

No keratin cells are moist found in Oral cavity; pharynx; esophagus(slide); vagina(no color change or space)

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30
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Location

A

Rare in Male urethra

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31
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Rare in Male urethra

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32
Q

Pseudostratrified Columnar Epithelium Location Properties

A

respiratory track; all cell touch basement membrane but not all cell reach apical surface can be ciliated or non ciliated

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33
Q

Pseudostratrified Columnar Epithelium (Ciliated) Location Properties

A

Respiratory track; PHARYNX has goblet cells(mucus)

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34
Q

Transition Epithelium Properties and Location

A

Outer surface is a dome shaped(stretched) Found in Urinal Bladder; ureters(kidney)

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35
Q

Glandular Epithelium Types and main differences

A

Exocrine and Endocrine glands (exocrine have duct and acinus(secretory portion)

36
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Lack ducts and secrete their products directly into the interstitial fluid and bloodstream. The excretions of endocrine glands; called hormones

37
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Typically originate from an invagination of epithelium that burrows into the deeper connective tissues. These glands usually maintain their contact with the epithelial surface by means of a DUCT an epithelium-lined tube through which secretions of the gland are discharged onto the epithelial surface. This duct may secrete materials onto the surface of the skin (e.g.; sweat from sweat glands)

38
Q

Glandular Epithelium Structure

A

Unicellular(1 cell) (goblet cells) or multicellular

39
Q

4 Types of multicellular Glandulars

A

They have duct and secretory portion 1) Simple(ducts dont branch) 2)Compound(ducts branch) 3) Tubular 4) Acinar(flask shaped

40
Q

Merocrine (eccrine) Glandular Function

A

Secretory vesicles release their contents via EXOCTOSIS

41
Q

Holocrine Glandular Function

A

Disintegrating cells with contents becoming the secretion( cells dies releases secretion

42
Q

Apocrine Glandular Function

A

Pinching off a apical (top) portion cause explosion of apical surface to release contents(TITS)

43
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissues

A

They have cells; extracellular matrix( protein; ground substance). They are found deep and are highly vascular

44
Q

Three types of Fibers found in Connective Tissues

A

1) Elastic Fibers 2) Collagen Fibers 3) Reticular Fibers

45
Q

Three Main classifications of Connective Tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper 2) Supporting Connective Tissue 3) Fluid Connective tissue

46
Q

Types and subtypes of CT proper

A

1) Loose (areolar; adipose; Reticular) 2) Dense(dense regular; dense irregular; Elastic)

47
Q

Types and sub-types of Supporting CT

A

1) Cartilage(Hyaline; Elastic cartilage; Fibrocartilage) 2)Bone (compact and spongy)

48
Q

Types and sub-types of Fluid CT

A

1) BLOOD(RWC; WBC; Platelets)

49
Q

Embryonic CT aka

A

Mesenchyme (source of all other CT

50
Q

Resident Cells of the Connective Tissue Proper

A

Most Common cell are FIBROBLASTS(secrete EC matrix); 2) Fixed macrophages(phagocytize) 3) adipocytes(store fat) Mesenchymal cells(stem cells)

51
Q

Wandering cells of the Connective Tissue Proper

A

1)Mast cells(secrete histamin and heparin(blood thinner))(test) 2)Plasma cells(secrete antibodies 3)Free Macrophages(phagocytize) 4)leukocytes(white blood cells; immunity)

52
Q

Characteristics of Collagen Fibers

A

1) Most Common 2) Made of Collagen 3) Strong resistance to stretch(iron bar)

53
Q

Characteristics of Elastic Fibers

A

1) Stretches 2) Made of elastin 3) elastic properties

54
Q

Characteristics of Reticular Fibers

A

1) Not Common except in lymphatic organs (SPLEEN) 2)touch flexible; supporting framework(stroma)

55
Q

Ground Substance of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Fluid; Gel like or solid

56
Q

Areolar (type/char/location)

A

T: Loose CT(proper) C: Loosely organized collagen and elastic fibers has all cell types and liquid Ground substance. L: all over body

57
Q

Adipose (type/char/location)

A

1) Loose CT(proper) C: Has adipocytes(fat cells(white/yellow)) and store triglycerides L:under skin hypodermis

58
Q

Reticular(type/char/location)

A

1) Loose CT(proper) C: Reticular Fibers; fibroblasts; leukocytes L: Found in lymphatic Organs (SPLEEN)

59
Q

Dense Regular (type/char/location)

A

1) Dense CT(CT Proper) C: Parallel COLLAGEN(test) fibers; Strong L: Tendons and ligaments

60
Q

Dense Irregular (type/char/location)

A

T: Dense CT(Proper CT) C: irregularly arrange COLLAGEN Fibers provide support in many directions. F: dermis of the skin

61
Q

Elastic CT Proper (type/char/location)

A

T: Dense CT (CT proper) C: Elastic fibers and Fibroblasts L: AORTA(test)

62
Q

Cartilage Supporting Connective Tissue Characteristics (5)

A

Cartilage 1) Has a gel-like extracellular matrix 2) Chondrocytes (cells name) 3) Lacunae cells with a chondrocyte 4) Avascular 5) Some have a Perichondrium(outer layer)

63
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage Cells

64
Q

Cells specific to supportive tissues (4)

A

1) Chondrocytes 2) Lacunae with Chondrocytes(3) 4) Perichondrium

65
Q

Hyaline Characteristics

A

Supporting CT(cartilage) most common and weakest. Made from non visible collagen fibers and has a perichondrium.

66
Q

Where is Hyaline Found

A

End of long bones; nose; ribs

67
Q

Fibrocartilage Characteristics

A

Supporting Connective Tissue(cartilage) ;Strongest made with irregularly arranged collagen fibers has no perichondrium(SLIDE looks bright blue)

68
Q

Fibrocartilage Found?

A

Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis

69
Q

Elastic Cartilage Characteristics

A

Supporting Connective Tissue; Made from Elastic Fibers and has a perichondrium(Slide has fibers but not bright blue)

70
Q

Elastic Cartilage Found?

A

External Ear and EPIGLOTTIS ( B4 lung prevent food from entering)

71
Q

Bone Supporting Connective Tissue Characteristics (5)

A

1)Solid extracellular matrix 2) Collagen fibers(make Strong) 3 Calcium phosphate(make hard) 4) Osteocytes 5) Periosteum 6)Its Strong

72
Q

What make bone strong and hard(t)

A

Collagen fibers(strong) and Calcium phosphate(hard)

73
Q

Characteristics of Spongy Bone

A

Supporting CT; Has spaces in it and INTERIOR of most bones EXTRA (Trabeculae lattice shape)

74
Q

Cells name of Compact Bone 5

A

1) Osteons(whole unit) 2) Lamellae (the rings) 3) Haversion canal(central canal) 4) Lacunae with Osteocyte inside(like elongated nucleus) 5) Canaliculi (canals going across rings)

75
Q

Fluid Connective tissue charateristics

A

BLOOD formed from 3 elements:1) Erythrocytes(RBC) 2)Leukocytes(WBC) and Thrombocytes(platelet) in plasma

76
Q

Muscle Tissue Characteristics (2)

A

1) Cells are called Fibers 2) Contractility

77
Q

3 Types of muscle Tissue and location

A

1)Skeletal (attach to bones) 2) Cardiac(heart) 3) Smooth (blood vessels and small intestine/gastrointestinal tract)

78
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Characteristics

A

1) multinucleated 2) Has striated Stripes 3) Voluntary (we control)

79
Q

Skeletal Muscle Location/Function

A

Attached to bones so we can move

80
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue Characteristics

A

1) 1-2 nuclei 2) Striated(can’t see it always) 3) Involuntary 4) Branched Fibers 5) intercalated discs( perpendicular to fibers)

81
Q

Where is cardiac muscle Found

82
Q

Where are intercalated discs and what do they do?

A

IN cardiac Muscle tissue and provide cell to cell junction(from gap junction/desmosomes connection) allowing simultaneous contractions

83
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue Characteristics

A

1) ONE nucleus 2) Non-striated 3) involuntary 4) Fusiform appearance(squished alien spaceship)

84
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue Found?

A

Blood vessels and digestive system(GI track; Small Intestines)

85
Q

Nervous Tissue Characteristics

A

1)Main Type called Neuron 2)Send electrical impulses(action potentials) 3)Soma(cell body) 4) Dendrites(receive info) 4) Axon sends out info

86
Q

Dendrites vs Axon

A

Dendrites receive info and Axon send out info

Bio139 Test 1 (3 decks)

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