CH1 Flashcards
Structural Organization of the Body: Chemical level
Smallest Level Atom and molecules
Structural Organization of the Body: Cellular level
Cells: the basic unit of structure and function
Structural Organization of the Body Tissue level (TEST) 4 Types
Group of cells Four Types 1) Epithelial 2) connective 3) muscle 4)nervous
Structural Organization of the Body: Organ level
Groups of 2 or more tissue types
Structural Organization of the Body: Organ system level
related organs; Perform specific function i.e.. Respiratory system
Structural Organization of the Body: Organismal level
Whole organism is human
What are the different Levels of structure and the order smallest to biggest
1) Chemical 2) Cellular 3) Tissue 4) Organ 5) Organ System 6) Organismal
What are the 6 characteristics of living things
1) Organization 2)Metabolism 3)Growth and Development 4) Responsiveness(irritability) 5) Regulation 6) Reproduction
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical reaction in a body
Anabolic reaction
Build Things
Catabolic reaction
Break down things
Growth Vs Development
Growth - things get bigger vs development things become more advanced
Regulation examples
Body temp and Blood Pressure
11 Major Organ Systems of the Body
1)Integumentary System 2)Skeletal System 3) Muscular System 4)Nervous System 5)Endocrine System 6)Cardiovascular System 7)Lymphatic System 8) Respiratory System 9)Digestive System 10)Urinary System 11)Reproductive System
Integumentary System Function and Key Organs
Provides protection and regulates body with Skin/Hair/nails
Skeletal System Function and Key Organs
Provides support and protection with the 206 Bones
Muscular System Function and Key Organs
Produces body movement with muscles
Nervous System Function and Key Organs
Communication through electrical signals helps control other systems Brain spinal cord
Lymphatic System Function and Key Organs
Initiates an immune response to fight infection: Spleen/Thymus/Lymph Nodes
Endocrine System Function and Key Organs
Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones. Ovaries/Testes/Thymus/Thyroid/Adrenal/Pancreas/Kidney/Pineal body/Pituitary
Cardiovascular System Function and Key Organs
Consists of the heart (a pump); blood; and Blood vessels to transport hones nutrients and pick up waste
Respiratory System Function and Key Organs
Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs. Lungs Larynx
Digestive System Function and Key Organs
Mechanically and chemically digests food materials to absorb nutrients. GI Track; colon; Liver; Gallbladder
What organ is the Accessory digestive to the liver(test)
Gallbladder: The liver secretes bile into the small intestine via the bile duct employing the gallbladder as a reservoir
Urinary System Function and Key Organs
Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood. Kidney and urinary bladder
Sections and Direction
Longitudinal (up and down) and Cross (X section) (Horizontal)
4 Different Planes
1) Sagittal 2) Coronal 3) Transverse 4) Oblique
Sagittal Plane sagittow = arrow
Extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves
Coronal plane( korone = crown)
Also called Frontal plane; is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
Transverse plane
Also called a cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane; cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ.
Oblique (ob-lek?)Plane
Pass through the specimen at an angle.
Anterior
In front of; toward the front surface The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord.
Posterior
In back of; toward the back surface The heart is posterior to the sternum.
Dorsal
At the back side of the human body The spinal cord is on the dorsal side of the body.
Ventral
At the belly side of the human body The umbilicus (navel; belly button) is on the ventral side of the body.
Superior
Closer to the head The chest is superior to the pelvis.
Inferior
Closer to the feet The stomach is inferior to the heart.
Caudal
At the rear or tail end The abdomen is caudal to the head.
Cranial
At the head end The head is cranial to the trunk.
Medial
Toward the midline of the body The lungs are medial to the shoulders.
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body The arms are lateral to the heart.
Deep
On the inside; underneath another structure Muscles are deep to the skin.
Superficial
On the outside The external edge of the kidney is superficial cial to its internal structure
Proximal
Closest to point of attachment to trunk The elbow is proximal to the hand.
Distal
Furthest from point of attachment to trunk The wrist is distal to the elbow.
Axial (ak?se-a?l) region
Includes the head; neck; and trunk; it forms the main vertical axis of the body
Appendicular (ap?en-dik?u -lar? )Region. TEST
Our limbs; or appendages; attach to the body’s axis and make up the appendicular (ap?en-dik?u -lar? ) region (INCLUDING Hips and Shoulders)
Abdominal
Region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones
Antebrachial
Forearm
Antecubital
Region anterior (front) to the elbow; also known as the cubital region
Auricular
Ear
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow)
Buccal
Cheek
Calcaneal
Heel of the Foot
Carpal
Wrist
Chephalic
Head
Cervical
Neck
Coxal
Hip
Cranial
Skull
Crural
Lower Leg the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle
Deltoid
Shoulder
Digital
Finger or Toes
Dorsal
Back
Femoral
Thigh
Fibular
Later aspect of the leg
Frontal
Forehead
Gluteal
Buttock
Hallux
Great Toe
Inguinal
Groin ( the crease in the juntion of the thigh with the trunk
Lumbar
Lower Back (between ribs and pelvis
Mammary
Breast
Manus
Hand
Mental
Chin
Nasal
Nose
Occipital
Posterior aspect of the head
Olecranal
Posterior of the elbow
Oral
Mouth
Orbital
Eye
Palmar
Palm of the Hand
Patellar
Kneecap
pelvic
pelvis above groin and below abdominal
Perineal
Diamond shaped region between anus and reproductive organs
Pes
Foot
Plantar
Sole of the foot
Popliteal
Posterior to the knee
Pubic
Anterior region of the pelvis(where genitals are)
Radial
Lateral aspect of the forearm
Sacral
Posterior region between the hip bones
Scapular
Shoulder Blade
Sternal
Sternum Anterior middle region of the thorax
Sural
Calf Posterior part of lower leg
Tarsal
Ankle Root of the foot
Thoracic
Chest including sternal; pectoral and mammary
Tibial
Medial aspect of the lower leg
Ulnar
Medial Aspect of the forearm
Umbilical
Navel
Vertebral
Spinal Column
Posterior Body Cavities
Cranial (brain) and Vertebral(spinal cord)
Anterior Body Cavities
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic(abdominal and pelvic); Mediastinum(heart
Visceral layer
Inner layer of the Serous membrane
Parietal Layer
Outer layer of the serous membranes
What does the Serous membranes do?
Protect from friction and create lubrication
Nine Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Left Hypochondriac; Epigasteric; Right left Lumbar Region; Umbinllical Region; Right and Left Illac Region Hyopgasteric Region
Right and Left Hypocondriac
The hypochondrium is the upper part of the abdomen interior to the lowest ribs of the thorax. The word derives from Greek: hypochondros or literally under cartilage.
Epigastric and Organ found within
Epi is upper r Gastric is the center(upper center region) LIVER
Umbilical Region and Organ
Center region with the Transverse Colon
Hypogastric Region and Organ
Lower center(hypo- Lower) Bladder
Right Hypochondriac Region and Organ
Right Upper Gallbladder
Left Hypochondriac Region and Organ
Left Upper- Spleen
Right Lumbar Region and Organ
Right Mid - Ascending Colon
Left Lumbar Region and Organ
Left Mid- Descending Colon
R iliac Region and Organ
Bottom Right - Appendix(attaches to small intestine)
Left Iliac Region and Organ
Bottom Left
4 Quadrants
Right Upper; Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ); Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ); Left Lower Quadrant(LLQ)
Right Upper Quadrant Organs
Liver and Gallbladder
Left Upper Quadrant Organs
Pancreatic duct; Stomach
Right Lower Quadrant Organs
Appendix and Ascending Colon
Left Lower Quadrant Organs
Descending Colon
