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Bio139 Test 1 > CH1 > Flashcards

CH1 Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Chemical level

A

Smallest Level Atom and molecules

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2
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Cellular level

A

Cells: the basic unit of structure and function

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3
Q

Structural Organization of the Body Tissue level (TEST) 4 Types

A

Group of cells Four Types 1) Epithelial 2) connective 3) muscle 4)nervous

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4
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Organ level

A

Groups of 2 or more tissue types

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5
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Organ system level

A

related organs; Perform specific function i.e.. Respiratory system

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6
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Organismal level

A

Whole organism is human

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7
Q

What are the different Levels of structure and the order smallest to biggest

A

1) Chemical 2) Cellular 3) Tissue 4) Organ 5) Organ System 6) Organismal

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8
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of living things

A

1) Organization 2)Metabolism 3)Growth and Development 4) Responsiveness(irritability) 5) Regulation 6) Reproduction

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reaction in a body

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10
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Build Things

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11
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

Break down things

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12
Q

Growth Vs Development

A

Growth - things get bigger vs development things become more advanced

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13
Q

Regulation examples

A

Body temp and Blood Pressure

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14
Q

11 Major Organ Systems of the Body

A

1)Integumentary System 2)Skeletal System 3) Muscular System 4)Nervous System 5)Endocrine System 6)Cardiovascular System 7)Lymphatic System 8) Respiratory System 9)Digestive System 10)Urinary System 11)Reproductive System

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15
Q

Integumentary System Function and Key Organs

A

Provides protection and regulates body with Skin/Hair/nails

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16
Q

Skeletal System Function and Key Organs

A

Provides support and protection with the 206 Bones

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17
Q

Muscular System Function and Key Organs

A

Produces body movement with muscles

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18
Q

Nervous System Function and Key Organs

A

Communication through electrical signals helps control other systems Brain spinal cord

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19
Q

Lymphatic System Function and Key Organs

A

Initiates an immune response to fight infection: Spleen/Thymus/Lymph Nodes

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20
Q

Endocrine System Function and Key Organs

A

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones. Ovaries/Testes/Thymus/Thyroid/Adrenal/Pancreas/Kidney/Pineal body/Pituitary

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21
Q

Cardiovascular System Function and Key Organs

A

Consists of the heart (a pump); blood; and Blood vessels to transport hones nutrients and pick up waste

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22
Q

Respiratory System Function and Key Organs

A

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs. Lungs Larynx

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23
Q

Digestive System Function and Key Organs

A

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials to absorb nutrients. GI Track; colon; Liver; Gallbladder

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24
Q

What organ is the Accessory digestive to the liver(test)

A

Gallbladder: The liver secretes bile into the small intestine via the bile duct employing the gallbladder as a reservoir

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25
Q

Urinary System Function and Key Organs

A

Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood. Kidney and urinary bladder

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26
Q

Sections and Direction

A

Longitudinal (up and down) and Cross (X section) (Horizontal)

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27
Q

4 Different Planes

A

1) Sagittal 2) Coronal 3) Transverse 4) Oblique

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28
Q

Sagittal Plane sagittow = arrow

A

Extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves

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29
Q

Coronal plane( korone = crown)

A

Also called Frontal plane; is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

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30
Q

Transverse plane

A

Also called a cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane; cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ.

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31
Q

Oblique (ob-lek?)Plane

A

Pass through the specimen at an angle.

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32
Q

Anterior

A

In front of; toward the front surface The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord.

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33
Q

Posterior

A

In back of; toward the back surface The heart is posterior to the sternum.

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34
Q

Dorsal

A

At the back side of the human body The spinal cord is on the dorsal side of the body.

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35
Q

Ventral

A

At the belly side of the human body The umbilicus (navel; belly button) is on the ventral side of the body.

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36
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head The chest is superior to the pelvis.

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37
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet The stomach is inferior to the heart.

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38
Q

Caudal

A

At the rear or tail end The abdomen is caudal to the head.

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39
Q

Cranial

A

At the head end The head is cranial to the trunk.

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40
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body The lungs are medial to the shoulders.

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41
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body The arms are lateral to the heart.

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42
Q

Deep

A

On the inside; underneath another structure Muscles are deep to the skin.

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43
Q

Superficial

A

On the outside The external edge of the kidney is superficial cial to its internal structure

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44
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to point of attachment to trunk The elbow is proximal to the hand.

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45
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from point of attachment to trunk The wrist is distal to the elbow.

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46
Q

Axial (ak?se-a?l) region

A

Includes the head; neck; and trunk; it forms the main vertical axis of the body

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47
Q

Appendicular (ap?en-dik?u -lar? )Region. TEST

A

Our limbs; or appendages; attach to the body’s axis and make up the appendicular (ap?en-dik?u -lar? ) region (INCLUDING Hips and Shoulders)

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48
Q

Abdominal

A

Region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones

49
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

50
Q

Antecubital

A

Region anterior (front) to the elbow; also known as the cubital region

51
Q

Auricular

A

Ear

52
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

53
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow)

54
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

55
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel of the Foot

56
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

57
Q

Chephalic

A

Head

58
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

59
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

60
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

61
Q

Crural

A

Lower Leg the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle

62
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

63
Q

Digital

A

Finger or Toes

64
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

65
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

66
Q

Fibular

A

Later aspect of the leg

67
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

68
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

69
Q

Hallux

A

Great Toe

70
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin ( the crease in the juntion of the thigh with the trunk

71
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower Back (between ribs and pelvis

72
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

73
Q

Manus

A

Hand

74
Q

Mental

A

Chin

75
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

76
Q

Occipital

A

Posterior aspect of the head

77
Q

Olecranal

A

Posterior of the elbow

78
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

79
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

80
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of the Hand

81
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

82
Q

pelvic

A

pelvis above groin and below abdominal

83
Q

Perineal

A

Diamond shaped region between anus and reproductive organs

84
Q

Pes

A

Foot

85
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

86
Q

Popliteal

A

Posterior to the knee

87
Q

Pubic

A

Anterior region of the pelvis(where genitals are)

88
Q

Radial

A

Lateral aspect of the forearm

89
Q

Sacral

A

Posterior region between the hip bones

90
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder Blade

91
Q

Sternal

A

Sternum Anterior middle region of the thorax

92
Q

Sural

A

Calf Posterior part of lower leg

93
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle Root of the foot

94
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest including sternal; pectoral and mammary

95
Q

Tibial

A

Medial aspect of the lower leg

96
Q

Ulnar

A

Medial Aspect of the forearm

97
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

98
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal Column

99
Q

Posterior Body Cavities

A

Cranial (brain) and Vertebral(spinal cord)

100
Q

Anterior Body Cavities

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic(abdominal and pelvic); Mediastinum(heart

101
Q

Visceral layer

A

Inner layer of the Serous membrane

102
Q

Parietal Layer

A

Outer layer of the serous membranes

103
Q

What does the Serous membranes do?

A

Protect from friction and create lubrication

104
Q

Nine Abdominopelvic Regions

A

Right Left Hypochondriac; Epigasteric; Right left Lumbar Region; Umbinllical Region; Right and Left Illac Region Hyopgasteric Region

105
Q

Right and Left Hypocondriac

A

The hypochondrium is the upper part of the abdomen interior to the lowest ribs of the thorax. The word derives from Greek: hypochondros or literally under cartilage.

106
Q

Epigastric and Organ found within

A

Epi is upper r Gastric is the center(upper center region) LIVER

107
Q

Umbilical Region and Organ

A

Center region with the Transverse Colon

108
Q

Hypogastric Region and Organ

A

Lower center(hypo- Lower) Bladder

109
Q

Right Hypochondriac Region and Organ

A

Right Upper Gallbladder

110
Q

Left Hypochondriac Region and Organ

A

Left Upper- Spleen

111
Q

Right Lumbar Region and Organ

A

Right Mid - Ascending Colon

112
Q

Left Lumbar Region and Organ

A

Left Mid- Descending Colon

113
Q

R iliac Region and Organ

A

Bottom Right - Appendix(attaches to small intestine)

114
Q

Left Iliac Region and Organ

A

Bottom Left

115
Q

4 Quadrants

A

Right Upper; Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ); Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ); Left Lower Quadrant(LLQ)

116
Q

Right Upper Quadrant Organs

A

Liver and Gallbladder

117
Q

Left Upper Quadrant Organs

A

Pancreatic duct; Stomach

118
Q

Right Lower Quadrant Organs

A

Appendix and Ascending Colon

119
Q

Left Lower Quadrant Organs

A

Descending Colon

Bio139 Test 1 (3 decks)

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