Ch4 Integumentary System Flashcards
integumentary system
includes the skin and its accessory structures
epidermis
outer layer of skin; waterproof layer that functions as protection and contains melanocytes that secrete melanin
dermis
deep layer of skin that contains the sweat and oil glands; also contains tiny muscles attached to the hair follicles
subcutaneous layer
layer of loose connective tissue that connects the skin to the surface muscles; contains the blood vessels and fat; also called the hypodermis
adipocytes
fat cells that make up most of the subcutaneous layer
arrector pili muscles
tiny muscles that attach to the hair follicle
hair
keratinized fibers that arise from hair follicles
hair follicle
area from which hair grows; located in the dermis
keratin
protein found in hair and nails that promotes hardness
keratinocytes
cells found in the epidermal layer of the skin that secrete keratin and assist in waterproofing the body
melanocytes
cells that give color to the skin, eyes, and hair by secreting the pigment melanin; located in the dermis
nail
translucent plate made of keratin that covers and protects the ends of fingers and toes
sebaceous glands
glands that secrete oil (sebum) into the hair follicles and onto the dermis
sebum
oily secretion of the sebaceous gland
sudoriferous glands
glands that secrete sweat and assist in body temperature regulation
adip/o
fat
cry/o
cold
cyan/o
blue
derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o
skin
electr/o
electric, electricity
erythr/o
red
hidr/o
sweat
kerat/o
hard
lip/o
fat
melan/o
dark, black
myc/o
fungus
necr/o
death
onych/o
nail
pachy/o
thick
py/o
pus
rhytid/o
wrinkle
scler/o
hard
seb/o
sebum (oily secretion)
trich/o
hair
xanth/o
yellow
xer/o
dry
a-, an-
without, not
bio-
life
epi-
on, following
intra-
within
para-
beside
per-
through
sub-
below, beneath
trans-
across, through
-cide
substance that kills
-derma
skin
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
-genic
originating, producing
-itis
inflammation
-logist
one who specializes in
-logy
study of
-malacia
softening
-pathy
disease
-phagia
eating
-plasia
formation, growth
-plasty
surgical repair, reconstruction
-rrhea
flowing, discharge
-tome
cutting instrument
adipose
fat, fatty
atypical
unusual
circumscribed
contained to a specific area
cyanosis
blue discoloration of the skin and other tissues
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
dysplasia
abnormal growth of tissue
erythematous
condition of being red
eschar
blackened area of burned tissue
exfoliation
shedding of dead skin cells
hyperplasia
excessive growth of tissue
indurated
pertaining to an area of hardened tissue
integumentary
pertaining to the skin and accessory structures
pallor
abnormally pale skin coloration
pruritic
pertaining to an itch
purulent
containing pus
sebaceous
pertaining to sebum
sudoriferous
pertaining to sweat
turgor
state of turgidity (fullness) of cells due to fluid absorption
abrasion
injury resulting in removal or disturbance of the superficial layer of skin
abscess
a circumscribed collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection
acne
inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles marked by papules (pimples) and pustules (pimples with pus)
albinism
a group of inherited disorders with deficiency of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
burn
injury to the skin cause by heat or other means
superficial burn
a burn involving only the epidermis; causes redness and swelling but no blisters (e.g. most sunburns); commonly called first-degree burn
partial-thickness burn
a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; usually involves blisters; commonly called a second-degree burn
full-thickness burn
a burn involving destruction of the entire skin; extends into subcutaneous fat, muscle, and/or bone and often causes severe scarring; commonly called a third-degree burn
carbuncle
collection of large localized abscesses usually arising in hair follicles and typically infected with staphylococcus bacteria
cellulitis
inflammation of the subcutaneous connective tissue
cicatrix
the fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues destroyed by disease or injury, commonly called a scar
comedo
a plug of sebum in the hair follicle that becomes darkened; commonly called a blackhead
contusion
injury producing discoloration and swelling without causing a break in the skin; commonly called a bruise
cyst
a closed sac that contains liquid or semisolid materila
decubitus ulcer
a pressure sore of the skin and underlying tissues; commonly called a bedsore
dermatome
area of skin supplied by peripheral nerves
eczema
inflammatory condition causing patchy redness, scales, blisters, itchiness, and burning
excoriation
a scratch mark on the skin
fissure
a deep furrow, cleft, slit, or tear in the skin
furuncle
infection of a hair follicle, commonly called a boil
gangrene
area of necrosis (tissue death) due to lack of blood flow
herpes simplex
an eruption of blisters on the skin caused by a local infection of the herpes virus; known as cold sores when they appear on the lips
herpes zoster
an infection caused by the herpesvirus (varicella-zoster virus) characterized by an eruption of blisters that follows the course of affected peripheral nerves (dermatomes); commonly called shingles
impetigo
a contagious bacterial skin infection typically occurring on the face in children
jaundice
abnormal yellowing of the skin caused by bile accumulation
keloid
an overgrowth of scar tissue
lesion
a pathologic change in tissue resulting from disease or injury
macula
a small, flat discolored spot on the skin
nevus
a birthmark or mole on the skin, especially one that is raised and red colored
nodule
solid raised area located in any area of the skin
papule
a small, raised, solid circumscribed area of the skin
paronychia
inflammation and infection around the nail due to bacteria or fungi
pediculous
an infestation of lice
psoriasis
skin condition marked by red, itchy scaly patches primarily on the scalp, knees, elbows, and trunk
pustule
a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus
rosacea
chronic disorder of the skin causing erythematous (red areas), papules, pustules, and increased sebum production; usually occurs on the face
scabies
skin disease with eruptions and itching caused by mites
tinea
fungal infection of the hair, skin, and nails; commonly called ringworm
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the scalp
tinea pedis
fungal infection of the feet; commonly called athlete’s foot
urticaria
an eruption of itchy round, red welts (wheals) usually related to an allergy; commonly called hives
varicella
an acute contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and producing various skin eruptions; commonly known as chickenpox
verruca
contagious and sometimes painful wart commonly caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV)
vesicle
a clear, fluid-filled, raised lesion; commonly called a blister
vitiligo
areas of the skin that do not have melanocytes, appearing as white patches on otherwise normal skin
wheal
a raised reddish lesion that often changes size and shape and extends into adjacent areas; usually associated with an allergen
xanthoderma
any yellow coloration of the skin
biopsy (Bx)
process of removing tissue from living patients for microscopic examination
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
growing of an organism from a specimen from the body to determine its susceptibility to particular medications
frozen section (FS)
a thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen used for rapid microscopic diagnosis
scratch test
type of allergy test in which an antigen (foreign substance) is applied through a scratch in the skin
tuberculosis skin test; Mantoux test, purified protein derivative, PPD test
an intradermal test to determine whether a patient has tuberculosis or has been exposed to the disease
cauterization
the use of heat, cold, electric current, or caustic chemicals to destroy tissues
cryosurgery
the use of freezing temperatures to destroy tissues
debridement
the removal of any necrotic skin or foreign matter from a wound
dermabrasion
the removal of acne scars from the skin with sandpaper, rotating brushes, or other abrasive materials
dermatoautoplasty; autograft
skin grafting using the patient’s own skin
dermatoheteroplasty, xenograft
skin grafting using skin from another species
dermatome
instrument used for cutting thin slices of skin for grafting or excising small lesions
dermatoplasty
surgical repair of the skin
electrodessication and curettage (ED&C)
burning off of skin growths using electrical currents
excision
the act of cutting out
incision
the act of cutting into (surgically)
incision and drainage (I&D)
a sterile cut into the skin to release fluid
irrigation
washing out an area with fluid
rhytidectomy
surgical removal of wrinkles
rhytidoplasty
surgical repair of wrinkles
suture
to unite two surfaces by sewing
antifungal
drug used to kill fungi
antiinfective
drug used to decrease or remove infection
antiinflammatory
drug used to decrease inflammation
antipruritic
drug used to relieve itching
intralesional injection
injection of medication into a lesion or scar
liquid nitrogen
nitrogen in a liquid state used in cryosurgery to remove a verruca or other lesion
pediculicide
medication used to kill lice
scabicide
medication used to kill mites associated with scabies
steroid
class of organic drug used to treat many inflammatory conditions
dermatology
a medical specialty focusing on the study of skin and treatment of skin disorders
dermatologist
physician who specializes in dermatology
medical aesthetician
licensed professional specializing in skin care, especially facial skincare
Bx
biopsy
C&S
culture and sensitivity
ED&C
electrodessication and curettage
FS
frozen section
I&D
incision and drainage
PPD
purified protein derivative of tuberculin
