Ch3 Body Structures in Health and Disease Flashcards
aden/o
gland
blast/o
immature cell
cyt/o
cell
fibr/o
fiber
gluc/o, glyc/o
glucose, sugar
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hist/o
tissue
hydr/o
water, watery fluid
lei/o
smooth
lip/o
fat
morph/o
form, shape
my/o, myos/o
muscle
necr/o
death
neur/o
nerve
nucle/o
nucleus
oste/o
bone
path/o
disease
sarc/o
flesh
troph/o
nourishment
viscer/o
internal organs
-cyte
cell
-oma
tumor
-osis
abnormal condition
-pathy
disease
-plasia
formation (especially of cells), growth
-stasis
stopping, standing still
body system
group of organs with related functions; organ system
cell
smallest independent unit of a living structure
chromosome
structure in the cell nucleus that carries information in the form of genes
cytoplasm
substance of a cell excluding the nucleus
gene
sequence of DNA on a chromosome that determines heredity
nucleus
central structure in a cell that contains chromosomes
cytology
study of cells
histology
study of cells and tissues
homeostasis
state of equilibrium
metabolism
sum of the normal chemical and physical changes occurring in tissue
organ
grouping of two or more tissues that are integrated to perform a specific function
organ system
group of organs with related functions; body system
somatic
pertaining to the body
systemic
pertaining to the body as a whole
tissue
grouping of similar cells that perform a specific function
visceral
pertaining to the internal organs
acute
referring to a disease of sudden onset and brief course
chronic
referring to a persistent disease or illness
etiology
study of the cause of disease
exacerbation
an increase in the severity of a disease or symptoms
hyperplasia
excessive growth of tissue
idiopathic
related to a disease of unknown cause
inflammation
localized physical changes in tissue characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling, in response to an injury
lesion
a pathologic change in tissue resulting from a wound or injury
necrosis
pathologic death of cells or tissue
pathogen
any virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease
remission
lessening severity of disease symptoms
abdomin/o
abdomen
acr/o
extremity, tip
brachi/o
arm
cervic/o
neck
lumb/o
lumbar region, lower back
ped/o, pod/o
foot
pelv/i
pelvis
thorac/o
thorax, chest
abdomen (abdominal region)
the section of the trunk between the pelvis and chest
cranium
skull
diaphragm
muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities
extremity
limb
pelvis
area of the pelvis below (inferior to) the abdomen
thorax
chest; upper part of the trunk
abdominal cavity
space within the abdomen occupied by the digestive and other organs
cranial cavity
space within the skull occupied by the brain
pelvic cavity
space within the pelvis occupied by certain reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs
spinal cavity (vertebral canal)
space within the vertebrae occupied by the spinal cord
thoracic cavity
space within the chest occupied by the lungs, heart, and other organs
abdominopelvic regions
nine specific anatomic areas of the abdominopelvic cavity
epigastric region
abdominal region above (superior to) the umbilical region
hypochondriac region (left and right)
abdominal regions to the left and right of the epigastric region
hypogastric region
abdominal region below (inferior to) the umbilical region; also called the suprapubic region
iliac region (left and right)
abdominal regions to the left and right of the hypogastric region
lumbar region (left and right)
abdominal regions to the left and right of the umbilical region
umbilical region
central abdominal region
abdominopelvic quadrants
four divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity: left upper quadrant (LUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ), right upper quadrant (RUQ), and right lower quadrant (RLQ)
caudal
tail
cephal/o
head
dorsal
back
inferior
below
medi/o
middle
antero-
front
circum-
around
epi-
on, following
infra-
below, beneath
inter-
between
intra-
within
latero-
side
peri-
around, surrounding
postero-
back
proximo-
near point of origin
retro-
backward, behind
sub-
below, beneath
super-
above
supra-
above
ventro-
belly
cephalad
toward the head
caudad
toward the tail
superior
above or upward
inferior
below or downward
anterior
toward the front of the body
posterior
toward the back of the body
ventral
pertaining to the belly, front
dorsal
pertaining to the back
lateral
pertaining to the side
medial
pertaining to the middle
unilateral
pertaining to one side only
bilateral
pertaining to both sides
proximal
closest to the trunk or attachment point
distal
away from the trunk or attachment point
superficial
near the surface
deep
away from the surface
anteroposterior
from the front (anterior) to the back (posterior)
anatomic position
body in standard reference position: standing erect, arms at the sides, palms facing forward
decubitus
lying down
dorsal recumbent
lying on back with legs bent and feet flat
fowler position
lying on back with head of bed raised 45 degrees
semirecumbent
synonymous with fowler position
lateral recumbent
lying on the side
prone
lying face down
supine
lying face up
plane
an imaginary surface that extends through two definite points
frontal plane
vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves
coronal plane
synonymous with frontal plane
sagittal plane
vertical plane dividing the body into left and right halves
transverse plane
horizontal plane dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves
chlor/o
green
chrom/o
color
cyan/o
blue
erythr/o
red
leuk/o
white
melan/o
black, dark
xanth/o
yellow
chloroma
abnormal mass of green cells
chromaturia
abnormal coloration of urine
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and other tissues
erythrocyte
red blood cell
leukocyte
white blood cell
melanoma
tumor characterized by dark appearance
