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Medical Terminology COP 627 > Ch3 Body Structures in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Ch3 Body Structures in Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

blast/o

A

immature cell

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3
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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4
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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5
Q

gluc/o, glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

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6
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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7
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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8
Q

hydr/o

A

water, watery fluid

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9
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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10
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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11
Q

morph/o

A

form, shape

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12
Q

my/o, myos/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

necr/o

A

death

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14
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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15
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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16
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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17
Q

path/o

A

disease

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18
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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19
Q

troph/o

A

nourishment

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20
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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21
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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22
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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23
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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24
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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25
Q

-plasia

A

formation (especially of cells), growth

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26
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, standing still

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27
Q

body system

A

group of organs with related functions; organ system

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28
Q

cell

A

smallest independent unit of a living structure

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29
Q

chromosome

A

structure in the cell nucleus that carries information in the form of genes

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30
Q

cytoplasm

A

substance of a cell excluding the nucleus

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31
Q

gene

A

sequence of DNA on a chromosome that determines heredity

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32
Q

nucleus

A

central structure in a cell that contains chromosomes

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33
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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34
Q

histology

A

study of cells and tissues

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35
Q

homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium

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36
Q

metabolism

A

sum of the normal chemical and physical changes occurring in tissue

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37
Q

organ

A

grouping of two or more tissues that are integrated to perform a specific function

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38
Q

organ system

A

group of organs with related functions; body system

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39
Q

somatic

A

pertaining to the body

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40
Q

systemic

A

pertaining to the body as a whole

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41
Q

tissue

A

grouping of similar cells that perform a specific function

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42
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

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43
Q

acute

A

referring to a disease of sudden onset and brief course

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44
Q

chronic

A

referring to a persistent disease or illness

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45
Q

etiology

A

study of the cause of disease

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46
Q

exacerbation

A

an increase in the severity of a disease or symptoms

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47
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive growth of tissue

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48
Q

idiopathic

A

related to a disease of unknown cause

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49
Q

inflammation

A

localized physical changes in tissue characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling, in response to an injury

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50
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic change in tissue resulting from a wound or injury

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51
Q

necrosis

A

pathologic death of cells or tissue

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52
Q

pathogen

A

any virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease

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53
Q

remission

A

lessening severity of disease symptoms

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54
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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55
Q

acr/o

A

extremity, tip

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56
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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57
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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58
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar region, lower back

59
Q

ped/o, pod/o

A

foot

60
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

61
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax, chest

62
Q

abdomen (abdominal region)

A

the section of the trunk between the pelvis and chest

63
Q

cranium

A

skull

64
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities

65
Q

extremity

A

limb

66
Q

pelvis

A

area of the pelvis below (inferior to) the abdomen

67
Q

thorax

A

chest; upper part of the trunk

68
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space within the abdomen occupied by the digestive and other organs

69
Q

cranial cavity

A

space within the skull occupied by the brain

70
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space within the pelvis occupied by certain reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs

71
Q

spinal cavity (vertebral canal)

A

space within the vertebrae occupied by the spinal cord

72
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space within the chest occupied by the lungs, heart, and other organs

73
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

nine specific anatomic areas of the abdominopelvic cavity

74
Q

epigastric region

A

abdominal region above (superior to) the umbilical region

75
Q

hypochondriac region (left and right)

A

abdominal regions to the left and right of the epigastric region

76
Q

hypogastric region

A

abdominal region below (inferior to) the umbilical region; also called the suprapubic region

77
Q

iliac region (left and right)

A

abdominal regions to the left and right of the hypogastric region

78
Q

lumbar region (left and right)

A

abdominal regions to the left and right of the umbilical region

79
Q

umbilical region

A

central abdominal region

80
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

four divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity: left upper quadrant (LUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ), right upper quadrant (RUQ), and right lower quadrant (RLQ)

81
Q

caudal

A

tail

82
Q

cephal/o

A

head

83
Q

dorsal

A

back

84
Q

inferior

A

below

85
Q

medi/o

A

middle

86
Q

antero-

A

front

87
Q

circum-

A

around

88
Q

epi-

A

on, following

89
Q

infra-

A

below, beneath

90
Q

inter-

A

between

91
Q

intra-

A

within

92
Q

latero-

A

side

93
Q

peri-

A

around, surrounding

94
Q

postero-

A

back

95
Q

proximo-

A

near point of origin

96
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

97
Q

sub-

A

below, beneath

98
Q

super-

A

above

99
Q

supra-

A

above

100
Q

ventro-

A

belly

101
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head

102
Q

caudad

A

toward the tail

103
Q

superior

A

above or upward

104
Q

inferior

A

below or downward

105
Q

anterior

A

toward the front of the body

106
Q

posterior

A

toward the back of the body

107
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the belly, front

108
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

109
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

110
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle

111
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side only

112
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to both sides

113
Q

proximal

A

closest to the trunk or attachment point

114
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk or attachment point

115
Q

superficial

A

near the surface

116
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

117
Q

anteroposterior

A

from the front (anterior) to the back (posterior)

118
Q

anatomic position

A

body in standard reference position: standing erect, arms at the sides, palms facing forward

119
Q

decubitus

A

lying down

120
Q

dorsal recumbent

A

lying on back with legs bent and feet flat

121
Q

fowler position

A

lying on back with head of bed raised 45 degrees

122
Q

semirecumbent

A

synonymous with fowler position

123
Q

lateral recumbent

A

lying on the side

124
Q

prone

A

lying face down

125
Q

supine

A

lying face up

126
Q

plane

A

an imaginary surface that extends through two definite points

127
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves

128
Q

coronal plane

A

synonymous with frontal plane

129
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body into left and right halves

130
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves

131
Q

chlor/o

A

green

132
Q

chrom/o

A

color

133
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

134
Q

erythr/o

A

red

135
Q

leuk/o

A

white

136
Q

melan/o

A

black, dark

137
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

138
Q

chloroma

A

abnormal mass of green cells

139
Q

chromaturia

A

abnormal coloration of urine

140
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and other tissues

141
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

142
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

143
Q

melanoma

A

tumor characterized by dark appearance

144
Q
A

Medical Terminology COP 627 (16 decks)

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