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glg201 > Ch.4 Igneous Rocks > Flashcards

Ch.4 Igneous Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Formed by the “freezing” of a melt of materials (molten material)

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2
Q

Lava

A

molten material on the surface

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3
Q

Magma

A

Molten material inside of the earth

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4
Q

Extrusive/Plutonic

A

Fine-grained rocks that have been frozen above grown

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5
Q

Intrusive/Volcanic

A

Coarse grain rocks formed inside of the earth/below ground

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6
Q

Xenolith

A

a piece of rock trapped in another type of rock

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7
Q

Batholith

A

geographically large Magma chambers that have frozen

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8
Q

Pluton:

A

local magma chambers that have frozen; Can form into big mounds of igneous rock

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9
Q

Sill

A

horizontal igneous rock

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10
Q

Dike

A

vertical igneous rock

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11
Q

Felsic

A

Rocks or minerals with HIGH silica content. Will be lighter in colour.

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12
Q

Intermediate

A

Rocks or minerals with moderate amounts of silica content. Will be grey/an intermediate colour.

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13
Q

Mafic

A

Rock/minerals with LOW amounts of silica. These will be dark in colour

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14
Q

Ultramafic

A

rocks/minerals with very very low silica content. Will be the darkest in color.

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15
Q

How do we identify igneous rocks?

A
  1. Mineralogic composition
  2. Texture
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16
Q

Terms to describe texture of igneous rocks:

A
  • Pegmatitic
  • Phaneritic
  • Aphanitic
  • Glassy
    -Porphyritic
  • Vesicular
    -Amygdaloidal:
17
Q

Pegmatitic

A

Very large crystals

18
Q

Phaneritic

A

Large crystals

19
Q

Aphanitic

A

Small crystals

20
Q

Glassy

A

VERY Small Crystals

21
Q

Porphyritic

A

a distinct difference in the size of the crystals

22
Q

Vesicular

A

large holes from trapped gas

23
Q

Amygdaloidal

A

Amygdaloids are simply vesicles that have been filled in with a secondary mineral long after the flow cooled

glg201 (6 decks)

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