Ch.3 Rocks, Minerals, and Gems

Question 1

What types of chemical bonds can hold minerals together?

Answer 1

• ionic
• covalent
• metallic
• hydrogen
• van der Waals

Question 2

Anhedral

Answer 2

crystal faces are irregular in shape

Question 3

Subhedral

Answer 3

crystal faces are rounded, but still show the general characteristic shape of that mineral

Question 4

Euhedral

Answer 4

show perfect/near perfect crystal faces

Question 5

Physical properties that aid in mineral identification:

Answer 5

• Colour
• Streak
• Luster
• Hardness
• Specific Gravity
• Fracture and Cleavage

Question 6

Mineral Groups

Answer 6

• silicates
• oxides
• sulfides
• native elements
• carbonates
• halides
• sulfates

Question 7

Silicate Minerals

Answer 7

SiO4(4-) minerals with Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron. Most common minerals on earth that compose oceanic crust and mantle. Silica-Oxygen bonds are very strong :)

Question 8

Oxides

Answer 8

metal cation bonded to oxygen anion

Question 9

Sulfides

Answer 9

metal cation bonded to sulfide, S(2-)

Question 10

Native Elements

Answer 10

Pure masses of a single metal (ex. Gold [Au], Iron [Fe])

Question 11

Carbonates

Answer 11

metal cation bonded to carbonate anion (CO32-)

Question 12

Halides

Answer 12

Metal cation bonded to a halogen ion (i.e, Cl- or F-)

Question 13

Sulfates

Answer 13

metal cation bonded to Sulfate (SO42-)

Question 14

Rock

Answer 14

An aggregate of minerals

Question 15

Types of rocks

Answer 15

• metamorphic
• sedimentary
  -igneous

Question 16

What can occur through the rock cycle?

Answer 16

Any rock can become any other type of rock