Ch.4&5

Question 0

Define the terms proximodistal and cephalocaudal

Answer 0

Near to far

Head to foot

Question 1

How much does the average infant increase in height during the first year? In weight? At what age are we half as tall as we will be in adulthood?

Answer 1

2 years

Question 2

Infant brains are still developing. They do this primarily through three things.
What are they? Describe each.

Answer 2

Synaptogenesis-developing
Pruning-eliminating
Myelinization-protecting

Question 3

What are the two categories of infant reflexes? Describe them and give examples.

Answer 3

adaptive: sucking, withdraw from pain, pupil dilation
primitive: swimming, moro reflex

Question 4

In what ways are the visual abilities of newborns limited? What kinds of things do
they prefer to look at?

Answer 4

acuity is poor
*focal distance is limited
*interested in high contrasts
*recognize & prefers mom’s face from day 3

Question 5

At what ages are infants able to recognize their mother by her face, smell, and her
voice?

Answer 5

Day 3 recognize face

Question 6

What is colic?

Answer 6

uncontrollable crying affects 20% of babies about 2 weeks to 4 months ? cause

Question 7

Why is breastfeeding the best source of nutrition for an infant?

Answer 7

less gastrointestinal and respiratory problems
*improves immune system *less chance of mortality

Question 8

How many colds does the typical infant catch in the first year of life? What if that
infant is in daycare?

Answer 8

average baby has seven respiratory illnesses in first year

2x if in daycare

Question 9

What is SIDS? List two things you can do to reduce the risk of an infant suffering
from it

Answer 9

Sudden infant death syndrome

sleeping on back *smoke-free environment

Question 10

List the differences in physical development between boys and girls in infancy

Answer 10

Girls
*more advanced bone and muscular development
*advanced language skills
*less likely to suffer ill-effects of impoverished environment
Boys
*more likely to have developmental delays
*less healthy *higher mortality
*prefer rougher play and are more physically aggressive

Question 11

Which of Piaget’s stages is an infant in for the first 18 months of life?

Answer 11

Sensorimotor

Question 12

What is object permanence? At what age did Piaget think it first developed?

Answer 12

knowing something exists even when it can’t be seen
starts @ 2 months

Question 13

What is deferred imitation? At what age did Piaget think it first developed? When
does it actually first develop?

Answer 13

Deferred Imitation:
imitation of an action at a later time

Earlier