Ch. 1

Question 0

3. Describe the nature-nurture controversy.

Answer 0

Whether it was inborn or our environment that made us who we are

Question 1

2. Explain the philosophical ideas of the Christian doctrine of original sin, Jean-
   Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke. How do they differ?

Answer 1

Original sin
Rousseau: original goodness
Locke: blank slate

Question 2

4. What is meant by the dynamic systems view?

Answer 2

Perpetually ongoing process, Conception to Death

Influences on development: Biological, Psychological, Social

Question 3

5. What is meant by the interactionist perspective?

Answer 3

The interplay between the person and the environment

Question 4

1. Define human development.

Answer 4

scientific
study of age-related change throughout
the lifespan

Question 5

6. Define resilience and vulnerabilities, and describe how they relate to the
   interactionist perspective

Answer 5

Resilience-the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development

Question 6

7. What is meant by the terms continuity and discontinuity, when applied to the
   study of development?

Answer 6

Continuous: gradual/build on previous stage, quantitative
Discontinuous: distinct stages/steps, qualitative

Question 7

8. What is the normative approach to development? What researchers were
   associated with it?

Answer 7

Hall

Question 8

9. What were Hall’s main contributions to the study of development?

Answer 8

Norms

Question 9

10. What were Gesell’s main contributions to the study of development?

Answer 9

Maturation

Question 10

12. What are the three domains of development? Describe them.

Answer 10

Physical
Cognitive
Social

Question 11

13. What are theories? Why are they important?

Answer 11

Theories that propose general statements to explain development

Question 12

14. What determines whether a theory is accepted or rejected?

Answer 12

It must be supported by scientific research

Question 13

15. Describe the scientific method.

Answer 13

Describe
Explain
Predict
Influence

Question 14

What is the difference between a dependent and independent variable?

Answer 14

Dependent
*outcome
*expected to be influenced by the independent variable
Independent *experimenter changes
or manipulates
*expected to cause changes in another variable

Question 15

Why do researchers use random assignment in experiments?

Answer 15

Researchers use unbiased procedure to assign participants to treatment conditions

Question 16

What are the differences between sequential, longitudinal, and cross-sectional research designs?

Answer 16

Longitudinal- same group studied over long period of time
Cross-Sectional:different groups studied at the same time
Sequential:combines longitudinal and cross-sectional: several groups over a long period of time

Question 17

Ethics boards have determined what the rights of study participants should be. What are they?

Answer 17

Protection from Harm
Informed Consent
Privacy
Knowledge of Results
Beneficial Treatments