Ch.39-40 Respiration and Circulation

Question 1

systems of gas exchange

Answer 1

small non polar molecules (O2 and CO2) move between cells and their immediate surroundings by diffusion
- only efficient over small distances

Question 2

breathing

Answer 2

lung volume increases as the rib and muscles and diaphragm contract

Question 3

Medulla Oblongota

Answer 3

base of brain

main breathing control center consisting of neutral control circuits

Question 4

Circulatory System

Answer 4

set of interconnecting vessels and a muscular pump (heart)

Question 5

Blood

Answer 5

a connective tissue consisting of cells suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma)
plasma 55%
cellular elements 45%

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

red blood cells
contain hemoglobin
can carry 250 mil molecules of hemoglobin

Question 7

hemoglobin

Answer 7

iron containing protein that transports O2

Question 8

arteries

Answer 8

branch into arterioles and carry blood away from the heart to capillaries

Question 9

venules

Answer 9

converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart

Question 10

Heart flow

Answer 10

blood enters through the atrium and is pumped out through a ventricle

Question 11

double circulation

Answer 11

oxygen poor on right and oxygen rich on left

Question 12

cardiac cycle

Answer 12

one complete sequence of pumping and filling

Question 13

cardiac output

Answer 13

volume of blood each ventricle pumps per minute is called the cardiac output

Question 14

systole

Answer 14

the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 15

diastole

Answer 15

the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 16

SA node (sinoatrial)

Answer 16

pace maker

Question 17

vein vs artery

Answer 17

larger area (fast) smaller area (slow)

Question 18

vasoconstriction

Answer 18

the contraction of smooth muscle in arteriole walls (increases blood pressure)

Question 19

vasodilation

Answer 19

the relaxation of smooth muscles in the arterioles, causes blood pressure to fall

Question 20

lymphatic system

Answer 20

returns fluid (lymph) that leaks from capillary beds

Question 21

lymph nodes

Answer 21

organs that filter lymph and play an important role in bodies defense