Ch. 33 Animal Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of the biological form of an organism

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

study of the biological functions an organism performs

Question 3

Animal Primary Tissues

Answer 3

Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems

Question 4

Animal Tissue Categories

Answer 4

Epithelial (skin/ lining of organs)
Connective (blood/ skeletal)
Muscle
Nervous

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

used to maintain “steady state” or internal balance regardless of external environment

Question 6

Control of Homeostasis

Answer 6

achieved by maintaining variable at or near particular value

fluctuations of variable above or below are stimulus for response and variable is returned to value

Question 7

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 7

type of loop that reduces the stimulus (if stimulus is from being too high, brought down and vice versa)

Question 8

Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 8

reinforces stimulus to increase response instead of dampening it

Question 9

Thermoregulation

Answer 9

process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range

Question 10

Vasodilation

Answer 10

the widening of the diameter of superficial blood vessels, promoting heat loss

Question 11

Vasoconstriction

Answer 11

narrowing of the diameter of superficial blood vessels, reducing heat loss

Question 12

Thermoregulation controlled by

Answer 12

hypothalamus in brain

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

triggers heat loss or heat generating mechanisms

Question 14

Systems of control of response to stimuli

Answer 14

endocrine and nervous systems

Question 15

Endocrine System

Answer 15

signaling molecules released into the bloodstream by endocrine cells reach all locations in the body

Question 16

Nervous System

Answer 16

neurons transmit signals along dedicated routes, connecting specific locations in the body (FAST)

Question 17

Hormones

Answer 17

signaling molecules set out by the endocrine system

Question 18

Exocrine Gland

Answer 18

secretes substances through a duct

Question 19

Endocrine Gland

Answer 19

secretes hormones directly into interstitial fluid

Question 20

In nervous system

Answer 20

nerve impulses travel along communication

Question 21

In vertebrates the hypothalamus

Answer 21

integrates endocrine and nervous systems

Question 22

Signals from the hypothalamus travel to a gland near the base called the

Answer 22

pituitary gland

Question 23

What triggers synthesis and release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

Answer 23

hormonal signals from the hypothalamus

Question 24

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 24

extension of hypothalamus that secretes oxytocin which regulates release of milk during nursing in mammals

Question 25

Epinephrine

Answer 25

secreted by adrenal glands and can raise blood glucose levels, increase blood flow to muscles and decrease blood flow to digestive system

Question 26

A shared system:

Answer 26

mediates osmoregulation and excretion in animals

Question 27

Osmoregulation

Answer 27

process by which animals control solute concentrations in the interstitial fluid and balance water gain and loss

Question 28

Osmolarity

Answer 28

The solute concentration of a solution, determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 29

Animals convert toxic ammonia (NH3) to

Answer 29

less basic compounds prior to excretion

Question 30

Filtration

Answer 30

filtering body fluids

Question 31

Reabsorption

Answer 31

reclaiming valuable solutes

Question 32

Secretion

Answer 32

adding nonessential solutes and wastes from body fluids to filtrate

Question 33

Excretion

Answer 33

releasing processed filtrate containing nitrogenous wastes from body