Ch. 34 Nutrition

Question 1

Mammalian Digestive System

Answer 1

alimentary canal, and accessory glands, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder that secrete digestive juices through ducts

Question 2

Oral Cavity

Answer 2

location of first stage of digestion, is mechanical

Question 3

Stomach

Answer 3

stores food and secretes gastric juice which converts a meal to a mixture of food and digestive food called chyme

Question 4

Small Intestine

Answer 4

longest section of alimentary canal (6m)
digestion and absorption
first portion of SA duodenum
huge surface area due to villi and microvilli that project into the intestinal lumen

Question 5

Duodenum

Answer 5

where most digestion takes place

Question 6

Jejunum

Answer 6

Nutrients and H2O

Question 7

Ileum

Answer 7

absorption of bile, salts and vitamins

Question 8

Cecum

Answer 8

cross section of small and large intestine

Question 9

Large Intestine

Answer 9

feces stored in rectum until it can be eliminated through anus

Question 10

Colon

Answer 10

recover water that has entered the alimentary canal

Question 11

Essential Nutrients

Answer 11

have to be ingested

• EAA
• EFA (fatty)
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Question 12

Animals Require

Answer 12

20 amino acids and synthesize half

rest must be eaten

Question 13

Fatty Acids

Answer 13

converted to many cellular components such as membrane phospholipids, signaling molecules and storage fats

Question 14

Vitamins

Answer 14

13 are essential for humans

Question 15

Minerals

Answer 15

simple, inorganic nutrients usually required in small amounts

Question 16

Malnutrition

Answer 16

stems from long term absence of essential nutrients from diet
missing aminos from diet is common

Question 17

Digestive System Process

Answer 17

ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 18

Ingestion

Answer 18

process of taking in food through mouth

Question 19

Digestion

Answer 19

mechanical and chemical break down of food into small organic fragments

Question 20

Absorption

Answer 20

uptake of nutrients by body cells

Question 21

Elimination

Answer 21

the passage of undigested material out of the digestive system

Question 22

Minimum Metabolic Rate

Answer 22

animals must maintain mmr for basic cell functions

Question 23

Basal Metabolic rate

Answer 23

minimum metabolic rate of a nongrowing endotherm that is at rest, empty stomach, and is not experiencing stress

Question 24

Energy Storage

Answer 24

when animal takes in more energy than is needed for metabolism and activity, energy is stored

Question 25

In humans, liver and muscle cells are used first

Answer 25

energy is stored as glycogen

Question 26

When glycogen deposits are full

Answer 26

additional energy is stored as fat in adipose cells

Question 27

When fewer calories are taken in than expected

Answer 27

the body expands liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, then fat

Question 28

Glucose Homeostasis

Answer 28

insulin and glycogen maintain glucose levels

Question 29

Insulin rises after eating carbs

Answer 29

glucose entering the liver through the hepatic portal vein is used to synthesize glucagon

Question 30

Glucose concentration is low

Answer 30

hepatic portal vein, glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood

Question 31

Insulin breaks down

Answer 31

glucose for glycogen

Question 32

Glucagon breaks down

Answer 32

releases glucose