Ch.35 Plant Form Flashcards
Define protoplast
the protoplasm of a living plant or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed.
Where does the growth of the plant occur?
Meristems
Apical meristems
Located on the tips of roots and shoots
Responsible for primary growth (e.g. the lengthening of the plant)
Know the 3 primary meristems and know what tissue they form (ex: protoderm forms the epidermis).
Lateral meristems
Located down the length of the roots and shoots
Responsible for secondary growth (e.g. the plant gets wider).
The tissues that result from secondary growth makes the wood & bark of woody plants. Specifically, the cork cambium, which is part of the lateral meristem, gives rise to the outer bark. The vascular cambium, which is the other part of the lateral meristem, gives rise to wood.
3 primary meristems and know what tissue they form
Protoderm - the layer of the meristem which lies outside of the stem and gives rise to the epidermis.
Ground meristem- the primary tissue of the growing tip of a stem, that develops into the pith and the cortex
Procambium - a growing layer in the tip of a stem or root, in which the vascular bundles are developed.
How do taproot and fibrous root systems differ? What is an adventitious root?
Taproot consists of the one, long main root, where secondary, tertiary and rootlets are visible. Even the primary root is very thick as compared to other roots (carrot, reddish). Whereas fibrous or adventitious roots contains short-lived roots, which are shallow and the growth can be either underground or aerial.
What is the function of lenticels?
It functions as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to gases
Name all the 8 Root Modifications and know how they function.
Prop roots Aerial roots Pneumatophores Contractile roots Parasitic roots Rood storage roots Water storage roots Buttress roots
