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Chemistry > Ch3.1 The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Ch3.1 The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

How many elements were there thought to be by the Ancient Greeks?

A

4: earth, fire, water and air

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2
Q

When and why was John Dalton relevant?

A
  • first to give chemical symbols to elements in the early 19th century
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3
Q

When and why was Johannes Dobereiner relevant?

A
  • he discovered mathematical patterns in the elements (triads)
  • first to attempt arranging elements into groups
  • 1829
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4
Q

When and why was John Newlands relevant?

A
  • law of octaves: first recognition of periods in elements
  • if elements are in repeating rows of 7, their properties repeat
  • 1864
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5
Q

When and why was Dmitri Mendeleev relevant?

A
  • arranged known elements in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) according to atomic weight
  • left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted properties of them with accuracy
  • 1869
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6
Q

What happened between Mendeleev and Baron de Chancourtois?

A
  • BdC sent a manuscript to M 1 year before M’s discovery of the periodic table
  • contained writing and drawing of a periodic table
  • M sent to publishers without the drawing then 1 year later ‘came up’ with the periodic table
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7
Q

Describe the appearance of fluorine

A

A pale yellow gas

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8
Q

Describe the appearance of chlorine

A

Green gas

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9
Q

Describe the appearance of bromine

A

Brown solid

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10
Q

Describe the appearance of iodine

A

Grey solid

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11
Q

Describe the appearance of astatine

A

Black solid

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12
Q

How do the halogens achieve stability?

A

They exist diatomically

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13
Q

Why do the halogens’ boiling points increase as you move down the group?

A
  • atoms get bigger (more shells)
  • more electrons in cloud
  • stronger London forces
  • more energy needed to overcome
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14
Q

State properties of halogens

A
  • very reactive
  • non-metals
  • dense, coloured, poisonous gases
  • react with s-block metals to form white salts
  • 7 e- in outer shell
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15
Q

Describe the uses of fluorine

A

Used to make PTFE in non-stick frying pans and fluoride is used to prevent tooth decay

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16
Q

Describe the uses of chlorine

A

Kills bacteria in pools and drinking water, makes bleach and plastics

17
Q

Describe the uses of bromine

A

Used in photographic film

18
Q

Describe the uses of iodine

A

Antiseptic, essential part of diet for thyroid

19
Q

What are the trends as you move down the group of halogens?

A
  • less reactive
  • darker in colour
  • less electronegative
  • less oxidising
  • higher melting and boiling points
20
Q

Which of the halogens doesn’t exist as a liquid?

A

Iodine, it goes through sublimation (solid straight to gas)

21
Q

List the reactivity series and the way to remember it

A

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold

Passive
Smoking
Can
Make
All
Zombies
In
To
Lazy
Crazy
Sex
Gods

22
Q

What would the products be in a displacement reaction between chlorine and potassium iodide?

A

Potassium chloride and iodine

23
Q

What chemical is used to distinguish between iodine and bromine

A

Cyclohexane

24
Q

How are halide ions identified?

A

Using aqueous silver ions:
add nitric acid and silver nitrate which forms acidified silver nitrate

25
Q

When aqueous silver ions are added to halide ions, what colour to they go depending on which halogen they derive from?

A
  • chlorine = white
  • bromine = cream
  • iodine = yellow
26
Q

After adding aqueous silver ions, if the colours are hard to distinguish between, how can this be solved?

A
  • add ammonia

-dilute ammonia turns the white of Cl colourless
- concentrated turns the cream of Br colourless
- the yellow of I cannot be turned colourless

27
Q

What is brine?

A

Very concentrated NaCl solution (very salty water)

28
Q

How is bleach manufactured?

A

Chlorine is reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloride, sodium chlorite (bleach) and water

29
Q

What happens to chlorine during the reaction of forming bleach?

A

It is both oxidised and reduced meaning it is a disproportionation reaction

30
Q

How is group 2 on the periodic table similar to group 1?

A
  • metals from both groups make alkaline solutions and hydrogen gas when added to water
  • both groups get more reactive as you move down
31
Q

Where are alkaline earth metals found?

A

In large quantities in rocks

32
Q

What rock is magnesium found in?

A

Dolomite

33
Q

What rock is calcium found in?

A

Limestone

34
Q

What rock is strontium found in?

A

Strontianite

Chemistry (17 decks)

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