Ch31 Plant Evolution

Question 0

Photosynthesis Achiotes

Answer 0

Cyanobacteria mats- 1st oxygen producing critters

Question 1

Archean Eon

Answer 1

Formation of first oceans- shift from Chem to Bio evolution

Question 2

Banded iron formations tell us

Answer 2

Amounts of oxidization

Question 3

Primary Endosymbiosis

Answer 3

Joining of a prokaryote to another prokaryote

Question 4

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Answer 4

One eukaryotic cell engulfs/eats another eukaryote

Question 5

Brown Algae (Kelp) characteristics (4)

Answer 5

Large structures, hold fast root system, photosynthetic blades, and stipes- an organ of defense

Question 6

Red algae (Rhodophyte)-(2)

Answer 6

Chemically defended, multicellular

Question 7

Which algae is closest to terrestrial plants??

Answer 7

Green Algae

Question 8

Pros (5) and cons (1) of aquatic plants

Answer 8

Water, motile sperm that swim, density (less gravity), and nutrients

Light

Con-predator exposure

Question 9

Pros (2) and Cons (6) of terrestrial plants

Answer 9

Pros:Pollination, more space
Light and predation (in between)
Cons: nutrients, predator exposure, tissue support, more gravity pull, water loss, and reproduction

Question 10

Charophytes, Stoneworts, Colueochacts (5)

Answer 10

Algae relative to terrestrial plants, produce cellulose, tough structure(calcium carbonate structure), multicellular, and photosynthetic

Question 11

Struggles to overcome from aquatic to terrestrial (6)

Answer 11

Water loss, nutrient transport, tissue support, reproduction, UV exposure, access to nutrients

Question 12

Evolutionary development as result of water loss (2)

Answer 12

Cuticle and stomata

Question 13

Developments for nutrient transport (2)

Answer 13

Vascular tissues known as tracheids and vessel elements (xylem and phloem)

Question 14

Developments for Tissue Support (2)

Answer 14

Tracheids and vessel elements

Question 15

Developments for reproduction

Answer 15

Production of pollen (gymno and angiosperms)

Production of SEED- due to lack of embryonic structure

Question 16

Developments for UV exposure

Answer 16

Flavonoids

Question 17

Developments for access to nutrients

Answer 17

Soil and mycorrhiza

Question 18

Cuticle

Answer 18

Waxy layer around the plant- lipid material-hydrophobic polymer

Question 19

Stomata (3)

Answer 19

Formed by two cells, seals up with release of h2o, opens/puckers with water to allow gas exchange

Question 20

Two challenges of taller plants

Answer 20

Getting water to elevated tissues and to stabilize and not fall down

Question 21

Tracheids (4)

Answer 21

All vascular plants, long/tall, die at maturity, pits lined with lignin

Question 22

Vessel Elements (3)

Answer 22

More efficient, barrel like, xylem (h2o transport, dies) + phloem (nutrient transport, alive)

Angiosperms and ghenophyte

Question 23

homosporus plant meaning (1) and examples (2)

Answer 23

Only one type of spore

Mosses and ferns

Question 24

Heterosporus meaning and plant type classification

Answer 24

Two types of sporangia/spores (archegonia and antheridia) Angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 25

Flavonoids

Answer 25

Act as sunscreen to protect plant

Question 26

Mycorrhiza

Answer 26

Facilitate soil nutrient uptake in plants

Question 27

Evolution of plants (recorded by fossils-4)

Answer 27

Green algae Mosses and liverworts Non- flowing seed plants (gymnosperms and pines) Flowering seed plants (flowers, angiosperms)

Question 28

Alternation of Generation (Fern 4)

Answer 28

1) Sporophyte 2n 2) Spores n 3) Gametophyte (Archegonia and Antheridia) n 4) zygote 2n