Ch3 The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 0

Cardiovascular System

Answer 0

Composed of the heart, blood and blood vessels hat transport blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

Question 1

Cardio Respiratory system

Answer 1

A system of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 2

The Heart

Answer 2

A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push the blood throughout the body.
Located in the mediastinum, weighs 300g (10 ounces) size of an adult fist. “Cardiac muscle”

Question 3

Cardiac muscle contraction

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle fibers are shorter and connected by intercalated discs. Intercalated discs create an electrical connection between cells that allow the heart to contract as one unit.

Question 4

Structure of heart

Answer 4

Has four chambers, separated right and left. Each side has 1 atria and 1 ventricle. The atria’s sit on top of their respect ventricles.

Question 5

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 5

“Pacemaker” a specialized area of cardiac tissue located in the right atrium of the heart which intiates the electrical impulses that determine e heart rate

Question 6

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 6

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart hat relieves heartbeat impulses from the Sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles

Question 7

Function of the heart

Answer 7

Blood high in CO2 from the body gets pumped into right side “pulmonic side” of the heart, atrium-ventricle-pushed into lungs so blood can be oxygenated, the blood than returns into left side of heart via left atrium-left ventricle to be pumped into entire body

Question 8

Atria

Answer 8

Smaller, superior chambers of the heart that receives blood from veins, acts as “reservoirs” gathers blood

Question 9

Ventricle

Answer 9

Larger inferior chambers of the heart receives blood from atrium and forces blood into arteries.
Right ventricle has thin walls and pumps under low pressure, pumps blood a short distance to lungs
Left ventricle has thicker walls and pumps under high pressure, it pumps blood out to entire body

Question 10

Stroke volume (SV)

Answer 10

Is amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
About: 70 mL

Question 11

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

Answer 11

Is the amount of blood filled in the ventricle of the heart before contraction
About: 120 mL

Question 12

End-Systolic volume (ESV)

Answer 12

Is what’s left of blood volume within the ventricle of the heart after contraction
About: 50 mL

Question 13

Heart Rate (HR)

Answer 13

The rate at which the heart pumps.

Resting heart rate is 70-80 bpm

Question 14

Cardiac output (Q)

Answer 14

Volume of blood pumped out by the heart PER MINUTE
Function of heart rate and stroke volume
70 bpm X 70 mL = 4,900 mL/min or 4.9 mL/min

Question 15

Blood

Answer 15

Sustaining fluid that supplies organs and cells with oxygen and nutrients, helps regulate body temp, fight infection, and remove waste products
3 types white, red, platelets
Support mechanism that transports, regulate, and protect

Question 16

Support mechanisms of blood

Answer 16

Transport: oxygen, nutrients to tissue, waste products from tissue, hormones to organs and tissue, carries heat throughout body
Regulates: body temp and acid balance (PH levels)
Protection: body from excessive bleeding and clotting, contain specialized cells to help fight disease and sickness

Question 17

Blood vessels

Answer 17

Network of hollow tubes that circulate blood throughout body

3 types: arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 18

Arteries

Answer 18

Carry blood away from the heart, include aorta and carotid artery, subclavian artery, mesentric arteries, renal artery and iliac artery

Question 19

Veins

Answer 19

Carry blood back to the heart

Question 20

Venules

Answer 20

Vessels that collect blood from capillaries

Progressively merge with other venules to form veins

Question 21

Arterioles

Answer 21

Smaller arteries branched from medium arteries that eventually turn into capillaries

Question 22

Capillaries

Answer 22

Site of exchange of water and chemicals between blood and tissue,
Also oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are exchanged between tissue

Question 23

Respiratory system

Answer 23

“Pulmonary system”

System of organs the lungs and respiratory passageways that collect oxygen from external environment and transports it to the bloodstream as well as remove carbon dioxide CO2 from body and lungs to outside air. Works closely with cardiovascular system

Question 24

Respiratory pump

Answer 24

Process of moving air in and out of body. Composed of skeletal structures(bones) and soft tissue(muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur to help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.

Question 25

Inspiration

Answer 25

“Inhalation” process of actively contracting the inspiration muscles ( diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor) to move air into the body
During inhalation intrathoracic pressure decreases causes a drop in pressure in right atrium to allow better flow back to the heart

Question 26

Expiration

Answer 26

The process of actively and passively relaxing the inspiration muscles to move air out of he body.
During heavy breathing”actively” relies on expiratory muscles to compress the thoracic cavity and force air out

Question 27

Conducting airways

Answer 27

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left pulmonary bronchi, bronchioles, gather air and oxygen to be purified, humidified, warmed or cooled before entering internal body

Question 28

Respiratory airways

Answer 28

Internal intercostals, abdominals

Collect air from conducting airways

Question 29

Diffusion

Answer 29

Process of getting oxygen from environment to tissue of the body.
End of bronchioles sit alveoli, which are made up of alveolar sacs - in the sacs are gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in and out of the blood stream

Question 30

Maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max)

Answer 30

Highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
To measure use YMCA 3 step test, Rockport walk test to get maximal oxygen consumption