Ch3 Research Ethics

Question 0

Is the biggest ethical challenge that researchers face?

Answer 0

To anticipate what will happen in a study

Question 1

What is research ethics?

Answer 1

Research ethics identifies the actions that researchers must take to conduct a responsible and moral research

Question 2

What is the Nuremberg code?

Answer 2

Published in 1947, it is the first international code for ethical conduct and research consisting of 10 directives aimed at the protection of human participants from unnecessary harm.

Question 3

Why where researchers prosecuted in the Nuremberg trials?

Answer 3

Nazi physicians were prosecuted for conducting harmful experiments on concentration camp prisoners between 1939 in 1945

Question 4

In the 1940s, penicillin became widely available to treat syphilis. How did researchers of the Tuskegee syphilis study respond to this?

Answer 4

The researchers denied treatment to the participants who had syphilis and they continued to study for another quarter century

Question 5

What is the Belmont report?

Answer 5

A publish document that recommends three principles of ethical conduct of research with human participants respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

Question 6

What does respect for persons mean?

Answer 6

That participants in the research study must be anonymous agents capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research.

Question 7

What is beneficence?

Answer 7

Ethical principle that states it is the researcher’s responsibility to minimize the potential risk and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study

Question 8

It is a risk benefit analysis?

Answer 8

A type of analysis in which the researcher anticipates or weighs the risk and benefits and a study

Question 9

What is justice?

Answer 9

The ethical principle that states that all participants should be treated fairly and equitably in terms of receiving the benefits and bearing the risk in research

Question 10

What is the IRB?

Answer 10

Institutional review board with at least five members one of whom comes from outside the institution. They review for approval research protocol submitted by researchers prior to conducting any research

Question 11

Is research protocol?

Answer 11

A proposal submitted by a researcher to an IRB outlining the details of the study he or she wishes to complete and how he or she will address potential ethical concerns.

Question 12

It is informed consent?

Answer 12

Signed or verbal agreement in which participants state that they are willing to participate in a research study after being informed of all aspects of their role in the study.

Question 13

What is assent?

Answer 13

The consent of a minor or other legally incapable person to agree to participate in research only after receiving inappropriate explanation in reasonably understandable language.

Question 14

What is a cover story?

Answer 14

A false explanation or story intended to prevent research participants from discovering the true purpose of the research study

Question 15

When is deception in research appropriate and acceptable?

Answer 15

When the deception is necessaryand use of non-deceptive alternatives is not feasible
There is no reasonable expectation for causing physical pain or severe emotional distress to participants as a result of the deception
Participants are informed of the deception as early as possible

Question 16

What is debriefing?

Answer 16

The full disclosure to participants of the true purpose of the study. It is typically given at the end of study

Question 17

What is a confederate?

Answer 17

co researcher or actor who pretends to be a participant in a research study for the purpose of Scientific investigation

Question 18

what is anonymity?

Answer 18

It protection of individual identity in which the identity of a participant remains unknown throughout the study, even to those involved in the study.

Question 19

Define confidentiality.

Answer 19

A protection of individual identity in which the identity of the participant is not made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study. Those involved in a study are able to identify participant information.

Question 20

What review board is used to evaluate research with animal participants?

Answer 20

Institutional animal care and use committee(IACUC)

Question 21

What is scientific integrity?

Answer 21

The extent to which a researcher is honest and truthful in his or her actions, values, methods, measures, and dissemination of research

Question 22

What is a fabrication?

Answer 22

To conduct methods or data that misrepresents aspects of a research study with intent to deceive others?