ch.3 Perception

Question 1

Sensation vs. Perception

Answer 1

sensation is the stimuli around us that we feel, and perception is how we take it into our minds

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain.

Question 3

Perception

Answer 3

experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses

Question 4

What cognitive skills are involved in perception?

Answer 4

because perception involves the senses, skills would include use of touch, taste, smell, hearing and vision.

Question 5

Bottom-up processing

Answer 5

begins with the stimulation of the receptors, “the bottom” and sends the signals to the brain

Question 6

Top-down processing

Answer 6

processing that originates in the brain, at the “top” of the perceptual system and sends the signals to the 5 senses

Question 7

Example of Bottom-up processing

Answer 7

using your nose to smell food, and deciding whether it smells good or bad

Question 8

Example of Top-down processing

Answer 8

say the food you smelled was milk, you would know next time you smelled bad milk it meant it was sour. You had a previous perception of the smell already in your mind

Question 9

What are the 3 Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization?

Answer 9

1) Good Continuation
2) Law of Pragnanz
3) Similarity
these are used to explain the way elements are grouped together to create larger objects

Question 10

Good continuation

Answer 10

the principle that states “objects that are overlapped by other objects are perceived as continuing behind the overlapping object”
Ex: coiled rope

Question 11

Law of Pragnanz

Answer 11

the principle that states “every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible”

Question 12

What are some other names for the Law of Pragnanz?

Answer 12

principle of good figure and the principle of simplicity

Question 13

Similarity

Answer 13

the principle that states “similar things appear to be grouped together”

Question 14

Speech Segmentation

Answer 14

the ability to when one word ends and the next one begins

Question 15

Likelihood Principle

Answer 15

the principle that states “we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. “
Ex: seeing two rectangles, one covering the other, it is more likely than one rectangle and a different shape being attached

Question 16

Oblique Effect

Answer 16

the idea that people can perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations