Behaviorism (pdf ch.3)

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

the type of conditioning that paired conditioned stimulus with unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response

Question 2

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 2

which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention

Question 3

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 3

the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.

Question 4

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 4

A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.

Question 5

Unconditioned Response

Answer 5

is behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus. However, a stimulus prompts a conditioned response only when someone has come to associate that stimulus with another.

Question 6

Conditioned Response

Answer 6

the conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.

Question 7

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 7

the addition of something to increase the frequency of the desired behavior

Question 8

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 8

the taking away of something to increase the frequency of the desired behavior

Question 9

Positive Punishment

Answer 9

the addition of something to decrease the frequency of the desired behavior

Question 10

Negative Punishment

Answer 10

the taking away of something to decrease the frequency of the desired behavior

Question 11

What are the 4 Schedules of Reinforcement?

Answer 11

1) fixed ratio
2) fixed interval
3) variable ratio
4) variable interval

Question 12

Fixed Ratio

Answer 12

those where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.
fixed- consistent; ratio-responses

Question 13

Fixed Interval

Answer 13

those where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
Fixed-consistent; Interval- over time

Question 14

Variable Ratio

Answer 14

occur when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.
Variable- inconsistent; Ratio- number of responses

Question 15

Variable Interval

Answer 15

occur when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed

Question 16

Shaping

Answer 16

a method of training by which successive approximations toward a target behavior are reinforced

Question 17

Extinction

Answer 17

Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced

Question 18

Extinction Burst

Answer 18

occurs after a reward from a desired reaction to stimuli has been ceased, they continue a certain behavior in order to bring the reward back.

Question 19

Token Economy

Answer 19

is a system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or “tokens” that can be exchanged for other reinforcers.

Question 20

Post reinforcement pause

Answer 20

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Question 21

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

Answer 21

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