Behaviorism (pdf ch.3) Flashcards
Classical Conditioning
the type of conditioning that paired conditioned stimulus with unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
Neutral Stimulus
which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention
Unconditioned Stimulus
the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.
Conditioned Stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.
Unconditioned Response
is behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus. However, a stimulus prompts a conditioned response only when someone has come to associate that stimulus with another.
Conditioned Response
the conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement
the addition of something to increase the frequency of the desired behavior
Negative Reinforcement
the taking away of something to increase the frequency of the desired behavior
Positive Punishment
the addition of something to decrease the frequency of the desired behavior
Negative Punishment
the taking away of something to decrease the frequency of the desired behavior
What are the 4 Schedules of Reinforcement?
1) fixed ratio
2) fixed interval
3) variable ratio
4) variable interval
Fixed Ratio
those where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.
fixed- consistent; ratio-responses
Fixed Interval
those where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
Fixed-consistent; Interval- over time
Variable Ratio
occur when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.
Variable- inconsistent; Ratio- number of responses
Variable Interval
occur when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
Shaping
a method of training by which successive approximations toward a target behavior are reinforced
Extinction
Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced
Extinction Burst
occurs after a reward from a desired reaction to stimuli has been ceased, they continue a certain behavior in order to bring the reward back.
Token Economy
is a system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or “tokens” that can be exchanged for other reinforcers.
Post reinforcement pause
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Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior
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